Network Terms to Learn, Kalai Selvi Arivalagan [books to read in a lifetime .TXT] 📗

by providing similar user interfaces (UI) for related components and reduces the time taken to learn the language. An IDE supports single or multiple languages.

 

Internet2

Internet2 is a U.S.-based and international nonprofit networking consortium led by researchers, academia and industry/government leaders. Launched in 1996, Internet2 works to advance the development of networking education and global partnering to facilitate innovative Internet technologies.

Internet2 manages the Internet2 Network, a next-generation optical and Internet Protocol network. Internet2 Network is responsible for delivering production network services to fulfill the high-performance requirements of education and research services. It also provides its users with a protected research and network testing environment.

 

Object-Oriented Analysis and Design

Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is a technical approach used in the analysis and design of an application or system through the application of the object-oriented paradigm and concepts including visual modeling. This is applied throughout the development life cycle of the application or system, fostering better product quality and even encouraging stakeholder participation and communication.

 

Snippet

Code "snippets" are small, reusable pieces of code that can be integrated into a larger codebase. Developers often talk about snippets having certain functions and discuss how to implement snippets in constructing larger and more complicated programs.

 

Echo State Network

An echo state network (ESN) is a particular sort of recurrent neural network that is designed to help engineers get the benefits of this network type, without some of the challenges in training other traditional types of recurrent neural networks. It is connected to the idea of reservoir computing, and the general philosophy of developing learning results from fixed random neurons.

 

Hidden Layer

A hidden layer in an artificial neural network is a layer in between input layers and output layers, where artificial neurons take in a set of weighted inputs and produce an output through an activation function. It is a typical part of nearly any neural network in which engineers simulate the types of activity that go on in the human brain.

 

Knowledge Discovery in Databases

Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) is the process of discovering useful knowledge from a collection of data. This widely used data mining technique is a process that includes data preparation and selection, data cleansing, incorporating prior knowledge on data sets and interpreting accurate solutions from the observed results.  Major KDD application areas include marketing, fraud detection, telecommunication and manufacturing.

 

Heuristic

In computing, heuristic refers to a problem-solving method executed through learning-based techniques and experience. When exhaustive search methods are impractical, heuristic methods are used to find efficient solutions.  Heuristic methods are designed for conceptual simplicity and enhanced computational performance - often at the cost of accuracy.

 

Warchalking

Warchalking refers to drawing symbols in public spaces to denote an open Wi-Fi wireless network in a public space.  Warchalking provides information about the type of wireless connection being used, which may be open node, closed node or wired equivalent privacy (WEP) node. This may attract hackers and make them aware of the Wi-Fi hot spot and its security. Hackers may use this information to attack the Wi-Fi network.

 

Password Salting

Password salting is a form of password encryption that involves appending a password to a given username and then hashing the new string of characters. This is usually done via an MD5 hashing algorithm. Password-salting is most commonly found within Linux operating systems, and it is generally considered a more secure password encryption model than any of the models used within the various Microsoft distributions.

 

Random Forest

 

A random forest is a data construct applied to machine learning that develops large numbers of random decision trees analyzing sets of variables. This type of algorithm helps to enhance the ways that technologies analyze complex data.

 

Digital Wallet

BIP 148 is a user-activated soft fork (UASF) in bitcoin that enforces the use of the Segregated Witness or SegWit protocol, which is a change that deals with a bitcoin block size problem by separating the digital signature from the original section of the block. As a soft fork, BIP 148 does not inherently split the network. BIP 148 requires bitcoin miners to signal for SegWit, which means they show that they are ready to use blocks with the SegWit protocol.

 

Remote Attack

A remote attack is a malicious action that targets one or a network of computers. The remote attack does not affect the computer the attacker is using. Instead, the attacker will find vulnerable points in a computer or network's security software to access the machine or system. The main reasons for remote attacks are to view or steal data illegally, introduce viruses or other malicious software to another computer or network or system, and cause damage to the targeted computer or network.  A remote attack is also known as a remote exploit.

 

Digital Wallet

 

A digital wallet is a software-based system for making e-commerce transactions. By using a digital wallet, online purchases can be done easily through computers, tablets or smartphones. In general, bank accounts of individual users are linked with their digital wallet. In a digital wallet system, user credentials are securely stored and verified during transactions. Digital wallets are not only used for online purchases but also for authentication of the user. A digital wallet can store complete user information including credentials, transaction history and personal details. Digital wallets can also be used in combination with other mobile payment systems.

 

Broadband Global Area Network

Broadband global area network (BGAN) is a global satellite Internet network by satellite communication company Inmarsat. It is designed for low-cost connectivity enabled with voice and data communications. It can be accessed anywhere on the earth’s surface, excluding the poles. It uses a constellation of three geostationary satellites at a time (of the 14 in the system), called I-4, designed to communicate with lightweight, surface-based, portable terminals about the size of a laptop computer.

 

Multi-Factor Authentication

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a security mechanism in which individuals are authenticated through more than one required security and validation procedure. MFA is built from a combination of physical, logical and biometric validation techniques used to secure a facility, product or service.

 

Cloud Operations Management

Cloud operations management is the oversight of cloud services that an organization's employees use. Cloud Operations Engineers work with staff to plan and implement cloud-based services that support business initiatives in a secure, cost-effective manner.

 

To manage cloud operations, the ideal job candidate should have working knowledge of Alibaba, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and Amazon Web Services (AWS). Daily management tasks include the oversight of virtual machines (VMs) and containers as well as the use of virtual private networks, cloud-based databases and identity and access management (IAM) technology.

Term of the day - 13

 Slacktivism

Slacktivism is a term that combines the words "slacker" and "activism" to refer to simple measures used to support an issue or social cause involving virtually no effort on the part of participants. Slacktivism is most commonly associated with actions like signing online petitions, copying social network statuses or joining cause-related social networking groups. Slacktivism critics contend these actions are merely for participant gratification because they lack engagement and commitment and fail to produce any tangible effect, in terms of promoting a cause.

 

.INI File

An .INI file is a type of file that contains configuration information in a simple, predefined format. It is used by Windows OSs and Windows-based applications to store information about the user's preferences and operating environment. These files are plain text files with a basic structure comprised of properties and sections.  It is pronounced as “dot in-ee" or simply "in-ee” file, where .ini signifies “initialization."

 

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

A digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) is a networking device that connects multiple DSL subscribers to one Internet backbone. DSLAM is used by Internet service providers (ISP) or telecommunication providers to share high-caliber Internet bandwidth between DSL subscribers through multiplexing techniques.

 

Alpha Test

An alpha test is a preliminary software field test carried out by a team of users in order to find bugs that were not found previously through other tests. The main purpose of alpha testing is to refine the software product by finding (and fixing) the bugs that were not discovered through previous tests. Also known as alpha testing.

 

Chipset

A chipset is a group of interdependent motherboard chips or integrated circuits that control the flow of data and instructions between the central processing unit (CPU) or microprocessor and external devices. A chipset controls external buses, memory cache and some peripherals. A CPU is unable to function without impeccable chipset timing. A chipset includes the circuit board layout/functionality and circuit mechanisms. Varieties include microprocessors and modem card chipsets. In addition, a CPU has several different chipsets that vary according to architecture.

 

Video Random Access Memory

Video random access memory (VRAM or video RAM) is a high-speed array of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) used to store the image and video data that a computer displays. VRAM is an integrated circuit that serves as a buffer between the CPU and video card. VRAM was originally designed as a high-resolution graphics adapter. The higher the video memory, the higher the capability of the system to handle more complex graphics at a faster pace. VRAM is also known as a frame buffer or simply video memory.

 

Half Adder

A half adder is a type of adder, an electronic circuit that performs the addition of numbers. The half adder is able to add two single binary digits and provide the output plus a carry value. It has two inputs, called A and B, and two outputs S (sum) and C (carry). The common representation uses a XOR logic gate and an AND logic gate.

 

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard protocol for email services on a TCP/IP network. SMTP provides the ability to send and receive email messages. SMTP is an application-layer protocol that enables the transmission and delivery of email over the Internet. SMTP is created and maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is also known as RFC 821 and RFC 2821.

 

Desktop as a Service

Desktop as a service (DaaS) is a cloud computing solution in which virtual desktop infrastructure is outsourced to a third-party provider. DaaS functionality relies on the virtual desktop, which is a user-controlled session or dedicated machine that transforms on-demand cloud services for users and organizations around the world. This is an efficient model in which the service provider manages all the back-end responsibilities that would normally be provided by application software.Desktop as a service is also known as a virtual desktop or hosted desktop services.

 

Wetware

Wetware refers to any hardware or software systems with a biological component, or biological systems that function like software and hardware. Different types of wetware are important in STEM disciplines like bioengineering, artificial intelligence and genetic research.

 

Telephony Application Programming Interface

Telephony Application Programming Interface (TAPI) is a set of standard application programming interfaces developed by Microsoft and Intel and implemented in Microsoft Windows for connecting a computer to telephone services. TAPI allows Microsoft Windows to auto detect and set up communication hardware installed on a personal computer.

 

Anchor Text

The anchor text on a webpage is the highlighted text that is clickable for a hyperlink. Many people refer to that text as a hyperlink, but technically, anchor text is a proper term to describe the text. The anchor text is the full set of characters that comprises the link itself.

 

Gradient Descent Algorithm

The gradient descent algorithm is a strategy that helps to refine machine learning operations. The gradient descent algorithm works toward