Lives Of The Poets, Vol. 1 (fiscle part-III), Samuel Johnson [good summer reads .TXT] 📗
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A College, For Fear Of Detection.
He Was, For Some Time, According to The Author Of His Life, Clerk To Mr.
Jefferys, Of Earl'S Croomb, In worcestershire, An Eminent Justice Of
The Peace. In his Service He Had Not Only Leisure For Study, But For
Recreation: His Amusements Were Musick And Painting; And The Reward Of
His Pencil Was The Friendship Of The Celebrated cooper. Some Pictures,
Said To Be His, Were Shown To Dr. Nash, At Earl'S Croomb; But, When He
Inquired for Them Some Years Afterwards, He Found Them Destroyed, To Stop
Windows, And Owns That They Hardly Deserved a Better Fate.
He Was Afterwards Admitted into The Family Of The Countess Of Kent, Where
He Had The Use Of A Library; And So Much Recommended himself To Selden,
That He Was Often Employed by Him In literary Business. Selden, As Is
Well Known, Was Steward To The Countess, And Is Supposed to Have Gained
Much Of His Wealth By Managing her Estate.
In What Character Butler Was Admitted into That Lady'S Service, How Long
He Continued in it, And Why He Left It, Is, Like The Other Incidents Of
His Life, Utterly Unknown. The Vicissitudes Of His Condition Placed him
Afterwards In the Family Of Sir Samuel Luke, One Of Cromwell'S Officers.
Here He Observed so Much Of The Character Of The Sectaries, That He Is
Said To Have Written Or Begun His Poem At This Time; And It Is Likely
That Such A Design Would Be Formed in a Place Where He Saw The Principles
And Practices Of The Rebels, Audacious And Undisguised in the Confidence
Of Success.
At Length The King returned, And The Time Came In which Loyalty Hoped
For Its Reward. Butler, However, Was Only Made Secretary To The Earl Of
Carbury, President Of The Principality Of Wales; Who Conferred on Him The
Stewardship Of Ludlow Castle, When The Court Of The Marches Was Revived.
In This Part Of His Life, He Married mrs. Herbert, A Gentlewoman Of A
Good Family; And Lived, Says Wood, Upon Her Fortune, Having studied
The Common Law, But Never Practised it. A Fortune She Had, Says His
Biographer, But It Was Lost By Bad Securities.
In 1663 Was Published the First Part, Containing three Cantos, Of The
Poem Of Hudibras, Which, As Prior Relates, Was Made Known At Court By
The Taste And Influence Of The Earl Of Dorset. When It Was Known, It Was
Necessarily Admired: The King quoted, The Courtiers Studied, And The
Whole Party Of The Royalists Applauded it. Every Eye Watched for The
Golden Shower Which Was To Fall Upon The Author, Who Certainly Was Not
Without His Part In the General Expectation.
In 1664 The Second Part Appeared; The Curiosity Of The Nation Was
Rekindled, And The Writer Was Again Praised and Elated. But Praise Was
His Whole Reward. Clarendon, Says Wood, Gave Him Reason To Hope For
"Places And Employments Of Value And Credit;" But No Such Advantages Did
He Ever Obtain. It Is Reported that The King once Gave Him Three Hundred
Guineas; But Of This Temporary Bounty I Find No Proof.
Wood Relates That He Was Secretary To Villiers, Duke Of Buckingham, When
He Was Chancellor Of Cambridge: This Is Doubted by The Other Writer, Who
Yet Allows The Duke To Have Been His Frequent Benefactor. That Both These
Accounts Are False There Is Reason To Suspect, From A Story Told By
Packe, In his Account Of The Life Of Wycherley; And From Some Verses
Which Mr. Thyer Has Published in the Author'S Remains.
"Mr. Wycherley," Says Packe, "Had Always Laid Hold Of An Opportunity
Which Offered of Representing to The Duke Of Buckingham How Well Mr.
Butler Had Deserved of The Royal Family, By Writing his Inimitable
Hudibras; And That It Was A Reproach To The Court, That A Person Of His
Loyalty And Wit Should Suffer In obscurity, And Under The Wants He Did.
The Duke Always Seemed to Hearken To Him With Attention Enough; And,
After Some Time, Undertook To Recommend His Pretensions To His Majesty.
Mr. Wycherley, In hopes To Keep Him Steady To His Word, Obtained of His
Grace To Name A Day, When He Might Introduce That Modest And Unfortunate
Poet To His New Patron. At Last An Appointment Was Made, And The Place Of
Meeting was Agreed to Be The Roebuck. Mr. Butler And His Friend Attended
Accordingly; The Duke Joined them; But, As The D--L Would Have It, The
Door Of The Room Where They Sat Was Open, And His Grace, Who Had Seated
Himself Near It, Observing a Pimp Of His Acquaintance (The Creature Too
Was A Knight) Trip By With A Brace Of Ladies, Immediately Quitted his
Engagement To Follow Another Kind Of Business, At Which He Was More Ready
Than In doing good Offices To Men Of Desert, Though No One Was Better
Qualified than He, Both In regard To His Fortune And Understanding, To
Protect Them; And, From That Time To The Day Of His Death, Poor Butler
Never Found The Least Effect Of His Promise!"
Such Is The Story. The Verses Are Written With A Degree Of Acrimony, Such
As Neglect And Disappointment Might Naturally Excite; And Such As It
Would Be Hard To Imagine Butler Capable Of Expressing against A Man Who
Had Any Claim To His Gratitude.
Notwithstanding this Discouragement And Neglect, He Still Prosecuted his
Design; And, In 1678, Published the Third Part, Which Still Leaves The
Poem Imperfect And Abrupt. How Much More He Originally Intended, Or With
What Events The Action Was To Be Concluded, It Is Vain To Conjecture. Nor
Can It Be Thought Strange That He Should Stop Here, However Unexpectedly.
To Write Without Reward Is Sufficiently Unpleasing. He Had Now Arrived
At An Age When He Might Think It Proper To Be In jest No Longer, And,
Perhaps, His Health Might Now Begin To Fail.
He Died in 1680; And Mr. Longueville, Having unsuccessfully Solicited a
Subscription For His Interment In westminster Abbey, Buried him, At His
Own Cost, In the Church-Yard Of Covent Garden[64]. Dr. Simon Patrick Read
The Service.
Granger Was Informed by Dr. Pearce, Who Named for His Authority Mr.
Lowndes, Of The Treasury, That Butler Had A Yearly Pension Of An Hundred
Pounds. This Is Contradicted by All Tradition, By The Complaints Of
Oldham, And By The Reproaches Of Dryden; And, I Am Afraid, Will Never Be
Confirmed.
About Sixty Years Afterwards, Mr. Barber, A Printer, Mayor Of London,
And A Friend To Butler'S Principles, Bestowed on Him A Monument In
Westminster Abbey, Thus Inscribed:
M. S.
Samuelis Butleri,
Qui Strenshamiae In agro Vigorn. Nat. 1612,
Obijt Lond. 1680.
Vir Doctus Imprimis, Acer, Integer;
Operibus Ingenii, Non Item Praemiis, Foelix:
Satyrici Apud Nos Carminis Artifex Egregius;
Quo Simulatae Religionis Larvam Detraxit,
Et Perduellium Scelera Liberrime Exagitavit;
Scriptorum In suo Genere, Primus Et Postremus.
Ne, Cui Vivo Deerant Fere Omnia,
Deesset Etiam Mortuo Tumulus,
Hoc Tandem Posito Marmore, Curavit
Johannes Barber, Civis Londinensis, 1721.
After His Death Were Published three Small Volumes Of His Posthumous
Works; I Know Not By Whom Collected, Or By What Authority
Ascertained[65]; And, Lately, Two Volumes More Have Been Printed by Mr.
Thyer, Of Manchester, Indubitably Genuine. From None Of These Pieces Can
His Life Be Traced, Or His Character Discovered. Some Verses, In the
Last Collection, Show Him To Have Been Among Those Who Ridiculed the
Institution Of The Royal Society, Of Which The Enemies Were, For Some
Time, Very Numerous And Very Acrimonious; For What Reason It Is Hard To
Conceive, Since The Philosophers Professed not To Advance Doctrines, But
To Produce Facts: And The Most Zealous Enemy Of Innovation Must Admit
The Gradual Progress Of Experience, However He May Oppose Hypothetical
Temerity.
In This Mist Of Obscurity Passed the Life Of Butler, A Man Whose Name Can
Only Perish With His Language. The Mode And Place Of His Education Are
Unknown; The Events Of His Life Are Variously Related; And All That Can
Be Told With Certainty Is, That He Was Poor.
* * * * *
The Poem Of Hudibras Is One Of Those Compositions Of Which A Nation
May Justly Boast; As The Images Which It Exhibits Are Domestick, The
Sentiments Unborrowed and Unexpected, And The Strain Of Diction Original
And Peculiar. We Must Not, However, Suffer The Pride, Which We Assume
As The Countrymen Of Butler, To Make Any Encroachment Upon Justice, Nor
Appropriate Those Honours Which Others Have A Right To Share. The Poem Of
Hudibras Is Not Wholly English; The Original Idea Is To Be Found In the
History Of Don Quixote; A Book To Which A Mind Of The Greatest Powers May
Be Indebted without Disgrace.
Cervantes Shows A Man, Who Having, By The Incessant Perusal Of Incredible
Tales, Subjected his Understanding to His Imagination, And Familiarized
His Mind By Pertinacious Meditation To Trains Of Incredible Events, And
Scenes Of Impossible Existence; Goes Out, In the Pride Of Knighthood, To
Redress Wrongs, And Defend Virgins, To Rescue Captive Princesses, And
Tumble Usurpers From Their Thrones; Attended by A Squire, Whose Cunning,
Too Low For The Suspicion Of A Generous Mind, Enables Him Often To Cheat
His Master.
The Hero Of Butler Is A Presbyterian Justice, Who, In the Confidence Of
Legal Authority And The Rage Of Zealous Ignorance, Ranges The Country To
Repress Superstition, And Correct Abuses, Accompanied by An Independent
Clerk, Disputatious And Obstinate, With Whom He Often Debates, But Never
Conquers Him.
Cervantes Had So Much Kindness For Don Quixote, That, However He
Embarrasses Him With Absurd Distresses, He Gives Him So Much Sense And
Virtue As May Preserve Our Esteem; Wherever He Is, Or Whatever He Does,
He Is Made, By Matchless Dexterity, Commonly Ridiculous, But Never
Contemptible.
But For Poor Hudibras, His Poet Had No Tenderness; He Chooses Not That
Any Pity Should Be Shown, Or Respect Paid Him; He Gives Him Up At Once To
Laughter And Contempt, Without Any Quality That Can Dignify Or Protect
Him.
In Forming the Character Of Hudibras, And Describing his Person And
Habiliments, The Author Seems To Labour With A Tumultuous Confusion Of
Dissimilar Ideas. He Had Read The History Of The Mock Knights-Errant; He
Knew The Notions And Manners Of A Presbyterian Magistrate, And Tried to
Unite The Absurdities Of Both, However Distant, In one Personage. Thus He
Gives Him That Pedantick Ostentation Of Knowledge Which Has No Relation
To Chivalry, And Loads Him With Martial Encumbrances That Can Add Nothing
To His Civil Dignity. He Sends Him Out A "Colonelling," And Yet Never
Brings Him Within Sight Of War.
If Hudibras Be Considered as The Representative Of The Presbyterians, It
Is Not Easy To Say Why His Weapons Should Be Represented as Ridiculous Or
Useless; For, Whatever Judgment Might Be Passed upon Their Knowledge Or
Their Arguments, Experience Had Sufficiently Shown That Their Swords Were
Not To Be Despised. The Hero, Thus Compounded of Swaggerer And Pedant, Of
Knight And Justice, Is Led forth To Action, With His Squire Ralpho, An
Independent Enthusiast.
Of The Contexture Of Events Planned by The Author, Which Is Called the
Action Of The Poem, Since It Is Left Imperfect, No Judgment Can He
Made. It Is Probable, That The Hero Was To Be Led through Many Luckless
Adventures, Which Would Give Occasion, Like His Attack Upon The "Bear
And Fiddle," To Expose The Ridiculous Rigour Of The Sectaries; Like His
Encounter With Sidrophel And Whacum, To Make Superstition And Credulity
Contemptible; Or, Like His Recourse To The Low Retailer Of The Law,
Discover The Fraudulent Practices Of Different Professions.
What Series Of Events He Would Have Formed, Or In what Manner He Would
Have Rewarded or Punished his Hero, It Is Now Vain To Conjecture. His
Work Must Have Had, As It Seems, The Defect Which Dryden Imputes To
Spenser; The Action Could Not Have Been One; There Could Only Have Been
A Succession Of Incidents, Each Of Which Might Have Happened without The
Rest, And Which Could Not All Cooperate To Any Single Conclusion.
The Discontinuity Of The Action Might, However, Have Been Easily
Forgiven, If There Had Been Action Enough; But, I Believe, Every Reader
Regrets The Paucity Of Events, And Complains That, In the Poem Of
Hudibras, As In the History Of Thucydides, There Is More Said Than Done.
The Scenes Are Too Seldom Changed, And The Attention Is Tired with Long
Conversation.
It Is, Indeed, Much More Easy To Form Dialogues Than To Contrive
Adventures. Every Position Makes Way For An Argument, And Every Objection
Dictates An Answer. When Two Disputants Are Engaged upon A Complicated
And Extensive Question, The Difficulty Is Not To Continue, But To End
The Controversy. But Whether It Be That We Comprehend But Few Of The
Possibilities Of Life, Or That Life Itself Affords Little Variety, Every
Man, Who Has Tried, Knows How Much Labour It Will Cost To Form Such A
Combination Of Circumstances As Shall Have, At Once, The Grace Of Novelty
And Credibility, And Delight Fancy
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