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tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS XXIII. A GREAT NEW WORLD XXIV. VASCO DA GAMA REACHES INDIA XXV. DISCOVERY OF THE SPICE ISLANDS XXVI. BALBOA SEES THE PACIFIC OCEAN XXVII. MAGELLAN SAILS ROUND THE WORLD XXVIII. CORTES EXPLORES AND CONQUERS MEXICO XXIX. EXPLORERS IN SOUTH AMERICA XXX. CABOT SAILS TO NEWFOUNDLAND XXXI. JACQUES CARTIER EXPLORES CANADA XXXII. SEARCH FOR A NORTH-EAST PASSAGE XXXIII. MARTIN FROBISHER SEARCHES FOR A NORTH-WEST PASSAGE XXXIV. DRAKE'S FAMOUS VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD XXXV. DAVIS STRAIT XXXVI. BARENTS SAILS TO SPITZBERGEN XXXVII. HUDSON FINDS HIS BAY XXXVIII. BAFFIN FINDS HIS BAY XXXIX. SIR WALTER RALEIGH SEARCHES FOR EL DORADO XL. CHAMPLAIN DISCOVERS LAKE ONTARIO XLI. EARLY DISCOVERERS OF AUSTRALIA XLII. TASMAN FINDS TASMANIA XLIII. DAMPIER DISCOVERS HIS STRAIT XLIV. BEHRING FINDS HIS STRAIT XLV. COOK DISCOVERS NEW ZEALAND XLVI. COOK'S THIRD VOYAGE AND DEATH XLVII. BRUCE'S TRAVELS IN ABYSSINIA XLVIII. MUNGO PARK AND THE NIGER XLIX. VANCOUVER DISCOVERS HIS ISLAND L. MACKENZIE AND HIS RIVER LI. PARRY DISCOVERS LANCASTER SOUND LII. THE FROZEN NORTH LIII. FRANKLIN'S LAND JOURNEY TO THE NORTH LIV. PARRY'S POLAR VOYAGE LV. THE SEARCH FOR TIMBUKTU LVI. RICHARD AND JOHN LANDER DISCOVER THE MOUTH OF THE NIGER LVII. ROSS DISCOVERS THE NORTH MAGNETIC POLE LVIII. FLINDERS NAMES AUSTRALIA LIX. STURT'S DISCOVERIES IN AUSTRALIA LX. ROSS MAKES DISCOVERIES IN THE ANTARCTIC SEAS LXI. FRANKLIN DISCOVERS THE NORTH-WEST PASSAGE LXII. DAVID LIVINGSTONE LXIII. BURTON AND SPEKE IN CENTRAL AFRICA LXIV. LIVINGSTONE TRACES LAKE SHIRWA AND NYASSA LXV. EXPEDITION TO VICTORIA NYANZA LXVI. BAKER FINDS ALBERT NYANZA LXVII. LIVINGSTONE'S LAST JOURNEY LXVIII. THROUGH THE DARK CONTINENT LXIX. NORDENSKIÖLD ACCOMPLISHES THE NORTH-EAST PASSAGE LXX. THE EXPLORATION OF TIBET LXXI. NANSEN REACHES FARTHEST NORTH LXXII. PEARY REACHES THE NORTH POLE LXXIII. THE QUEST FOR THE SOUTH POLE       DATES OF CHIEF EVENTS   INDEX





COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS Ptolemy's Map of the World about A.D. 150            Taken from the first printed edition of 1472 and the Rome edition of 1508.     The Polos leaving Venice for their Travels to the Far East   From a Miniature at the head of a late 14th century MS. of the Travels of Marco Polo, in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.     The Hereford Mappa Mundi of 1280   The original, made by RICHARD DE HALDINGHAM, Prebendary of Hereford, hangs in the Chapter House Library, Hereford Cathedral.     Map of the World drawn in 1500, the first to show America   By JUAN DE LA COSA.     The Dauphin Map of the World   Made by PIERRE DESCELLIERS 1546, by order of Francis I. for the Dauphin (Henri II.) of France.     Barents's Ship among the Arctic Ice   From a coloured woodcut in Barents's Three Voyages (De Veer), published in 1598.     Ross's Winter Quarters in Felix Harbour     The First Communication With Eskimos at Boothia Felix, 1830   From Drawings by ROSS in the Narrative of his Expedition to the North Magnetic Pole, A Second Voyage in Search of a North-West Passage, 1829-33.     Shackleton's Ship, the Nimrod, among the Ice in McMurdo Sound   From The Heart of the Antarctic (published by Heinemann), by kind permission of Sir ERNEST SHACKLETON.





BLACK & WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS The Unrolling of the Clouds: the World as known at the time of Homer     The Unrolling of the Clouds: the World as known at the time of Ptolemy     The Unrolling of the Clouds: the World as known at the end of the 13th century     The Best Portrait of Columbus            From the original Painting by an unknown artist in the Naval Museum, Madrid.     The Unrolling of the Clouds: the World as known at the time of Columbus     Amerigo Vespucci   From the Sculpture by GRAZZINI at the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.     Ferdinand Magellan, the first Circumnavigator   From the Engraving by FERDINAND SELMA.     Sir Francis Drake, the first Englishman to sail round the World   After the Engraving attributed to HONDIUS.     The Unrolling of the Clouds: the World as known at the time of Drake     Karakakova Bay, where Captain Cook was murdered   From the Engraving in the Atlas to COOK'S Voyages.     The Unrolling of the Clouds: the World as known at the time of Cook     Mungo Park   From the Engraving in PARK'S Travels into the Interior of Africa, 1799.
[Transcriber's note: This illustration has been lost.]     Search for a North-West Passage: Parry's Ships cutting through the Ice into Winter Harbour, 1819   From a Drawing by WILLIAM WESTALL, A.R.A., of a Sketch by Lieut. BEECHEY, a member of the expedition. From PARRY'S Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of the North-West Passage.     Lhasa and the Potala   From a Photograph by a member of Younghusband's Expedition to Thibet.     At the North Pole   From the Photograph in Admiral PEARY'S book The North Pole.     Captain Roald Amundsen taking Sights at the South Pole   From a Photograph.

Acknowledgment is due to the courtesy of Mr. John Murray and the Illustrated London News for the photograph taken at the South Pole; to Admiral Peary for that taken at the North Pole; and to Sir Ernest Shackleton and Mr. Heinemann for the colour-plate of the Nimrod. Permissions have also been granted by Mr. John Murray (for illustrations from Livingstone's books and Admiral McClintock's Voyage of the Fox); by Messrs. Macmillan (for the colour-plate of the Polos leaving Venice, from the Bodleian); and by Messrs. Sampson, Low, Marston, & Co. (for illustrations from Sir H. M. Stanley's books).





LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT The Garden of Eden with its Four Rivers            From the Hereford Map of the World.     Babylonian Map of the World on Clay   In the British Museum.     The oldest known Ships: between 6000 and 5000 B.C.   From a pre-Egyptian Vase-painting.     Egyptian Ship of the Expedition to Punt, about 1600 B.C.   From a Rock-carving at Der el Bahari.     The Ark on Ararat, and the Cities of Nineveh and Babylon   From LEONARDO DATI'S Map of 1422.     A Phoenician Ship, about 700 B.C.   From a Bas-relief at Nineveh.     Map of the Voyage of the Argonauts     The Pillars of Hercules, as shown in a Mediæval Map   HIGDEN'S Map of the World. 1360 A.D.     The Pillars of Hercules, as shown in the Anglo-Saxon Map of the World, 10th century     A Greek Galley, about 500 B.C.   From a Vase-painting.     Jerusalem, the Centre of the World   From the Hereford Map of the World, 13th century.     A Merchant-Ship of Athens, about 500 B.C.   From a Vase-painting.     The Coast of Africa, after Ptolemy (Mercator's Edition), showing Hanno's Voyage     A Sketch Map of Alexander's Chief Exploratory Marches from Athens to Hyderabad and Gaza     Alexandria in Pizzigani's Map, 14th century     North Britain and the Island of Thule   From MERCATOR'S edition of Ptolemy's Map.     A Portion of an old Roman Map of the World, showing the roads through the Empire   From the Peutinger Table.     The World-Island according to Strabo, 18 A.D.     Hull of a Roman Merchant-Ship   From a Roman model at Greenwich.     A Roman Galley, about 110 A.D.   From Trajan's Column at Rome.     The First Stages of a Mediæval Pilgrimage, London to Dover   From MATTHEW OF PARIS'S Itinerary, 13th century.     Jerusalem and the East   From MATTHEW OF PARIS'S Itinerary, 13th century.     Ireland and St. Brandon's Isle   From the Catalan Map, 1375.     The Mysterious Isle of St. Brandon   From MARTIN BEHAIM'S Map, 1492.     The World-Map of Cosmas, 6th century   The oldest Christian Map.     The Mountain of Cosmas     A Viking Ship   From Professor MONTELIUS'S book on Scandinavian archæology.     A Khalif on his Throne   From the Ancona Map, 1497.     A Chinese Emperor giving Audience, 9th century   From an old Chinese MS. at Paris.     The Scene of Sindbad's Voyages   From EDRISI'S Map, 1154.     Sindbad's Giant Roc   From an Oriental Miniature Painting.     Jerusalem and the Pilgrims' Ways to it, 12th century   From a Map of the 12th century at Brussels.     Two Emperors of Tartary   From the Catalan Map, 1375.     A Tartar Camp   From the Borgian Map, 1453.     Initial Letter from the MS. of Rubruquis at Cambridge     How the Brothers Polo set out from Constantinople with their nephew Marco for China   From a Miniature Painting in 14th century Livre des Merveilles.     Marco Polo lands at Ormuz   From a Miniature in the Livre des Merveilles.     Kublai Khan   From an old Chinese Encyclopædia at Paris.     Marco Polo   From a Woodcut in the first printed edition of MARCO POLO'S Travels, 1477.     A Japanese Fight against the Chinese at the time when Marco Polo first saw the Japanese   From an ancient Japanese Painting.     Sir John Mandeville on his Travels   From a MS. in the British Museum.     An Emperor of Tartary   From the Map ascribed to SEBASTIAN CABOT, 1544.     A Caravan in Cathay   From the Catalan Map, 1375.     The Turin Map of the World, 8th century     A T-map, 10th century     A T-map, 13th century     The Kaiser holding the World   From a 12th-century MS.     The "Anglo-Saxon" Map of the World, drawn about 990 A.D.   From the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum.     Africa—from Ceuta to Madeira   From FRA MAURO'S Map, 1457.     The Voyage to Cape Blanco from Cape Bojador   From FRA MAURO'S Map, 1457.     A Portion of Africa illustrating Cadamosto's Voyage beyond Cape Blanco   From FRA MAURO'S Map, 1457.     Sketch of Africa   From FRA MAURO'S Map of the World, 1457.     Negro Boys   From CABOT'S Map, 1544.     The West Coast of Africa   From MARTIN BEHAIM'S Map, 1492.     The Parting of Columbus with Ferdinand and Isabella, 3rd August 1492   From DE BRY'S account of the Voyages to India, 1601.     Columbus's Ship, the Santa Maria   From a Woodcut of 1493, supposed to be after a Drawing by COLUMBUS.     Columbus landing on Hispaniola   From a Woodcut of 1494.     The first Representation of the People of the New World   From a Woodcut published at Augsburg between 1497 and 1504.     The Town of Isabella and the Colony founded by Columbus   From a Woodcut of 1494.     Vasco da Gama   From a contemporary Portrait.     Africa as it was known after da Gama's Expeditions   From JUAN DE LA COSA'S Map of 1500.     Calicut and the Southern Indian Coast   From JUAN DE LA COSA'S Map, 1500.     The Malabar Coast   From FRA
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