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href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@59212@59212-h@59212-h-26.htm.html#para_235" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">235, 247; XIII. 288, 289, 290 Tables, solar, III. 59; IV. 85; V. 111; VIII. 153; X. 224, 225, 226; XI. 235, 247; XIII. 290 Tables, Alfonsine, III. 66, 68; V. 94, 96, 99 Tables, Hakemite, III. 60, 62 Tables, Ilkhanic, III. 62 Tables, Prussian, V. 94, 96, 97, 99; VII. 139 Tables, Rudolphine, V. 94; VII. 148, 151; VIII. 156 Tables, Toletan, III. 61, 66 Tables de la Lune (of Damoiseau), XIII. 286 Tabulae Regiomontanae (of Bessel), XIII. 277 Tangent, III. 59 n, 68 n Tartars, Tartar astronomy, III. 63 Tebbutt’s comet, XIII, 305 Telescope, III. 67; VI. 118-124, 134; VII. 138; VIII. 152-155; IX. 168; X. 207, 213, 218; XII. 251, 252-258, 260, 262, 271; XIII. 274, 300, 301, 306, 310, 317 Theoria Motus (of Gauss), XIII. 276 Theoria Motuum Lunae (of Euler), XI. 233 Théorie de la Lune (of Clairaut), XI. 233 Théorie ... des Probabilités (of Laplace), XI. 238 Théorie ... du Système du Monde (of Pontécoulant), XIII. 286 Theory of the Moon (of Mayer), X. 226 Theory of the Universe (of Wright), XII. 258 Thetis, VIII. 160 Three bodies, problem of, XI. 228, 230-233, 235 Tidal friction, XIII. 287, 292, 293, 320 Tides, VI. 130; VII. 150; IX. 189; XI. 228-230, 235, 248; XIII. 287, 292, 293, 297, 320 Time, measurement of, I. 4, 5, 16. See also Calendar, Day, Hour, Month, Week, Year Titan, VIII. 154 Titania, XII. 255 Toletan Tables, III. 61, 66 Torrid zones, II. 35 Total eclipse, II. 43; VII. 145; X. 205; XIII. 301. See also Eclipses Transit instrument, X. 218, 225 n Transit of Mercury, X. 199 Transit of Venus, VIII. 156; X. 202, 205, 224, 227; XIII. 281, 282, 284 Translations, III. 56, 58, 60, 62, 66, 68 Transversals, V. 110 n Trepidation, III. 58, 62, 68; IV. 84; V. 112 Trigonometry, II. 37 n, 47 n; III. 59 n, 64 n, 68 n; IV. 74 Trivium, III. 65 Tropical year, II. 42 Tuttle’s comet, XIII. 291 Twilight, III. 69 Twinkling of stars, II. 30 Two New Sciences (of Galilei), VI. 133, 134 n; VIII. 152 Tychonic system, V. 105; VI. 127 Umbra (of sun-spots), VI. 124; XII. 268 Uniform acceleration, VI. 133. See also Acceleration Uraniborg, V. 101 Uranometria Nova Oxoniensis, XIII. 316 Uranus, XII. 253, 254, 255, 267; XIII. 276, 288, 289, 297 Uranus, rotation of, XIII. 297 Uranus, satellites of, XI. 250 n; XII. 255, 267; XIII. 272, 295 Variable stars. See Stars, variable Variation (of the moon), III. 60; V. 111; VII. 145 Variation of elements or parameters, XI. 233 n, 236, 245 Variations, calculus of, XI. 237 n Vega, III. 64 Venus, I. 14-16; II. 25, 26, 45, 47, 51; III. 68; IV. 75, 81, 86, 87; V. 98, 100, 103; VI. 121, 123; VII. 136 n, 139, 142, 144; VIII. 154; IX. 181, 185; X. 223, 227; XI. 235, 245; XII. 267, 271; XIII. 282, 297. See also the following headings Venus, mass of, XI. 235, 248 Venus, phases of, VI. 123, 129 Venus, rotation of, VIII 160; XII. 267; XIII. 297 Venus, transits of. See Transits of Venus Vernal equinox, I. 11. See also Equinoxes Vernier, III. 69 n Vertical, II. 33; X. 221; XIII. 285 Vesta, XIII. 294 Victoria, XIII. 281 Virtual velocities, XI. 237 n Vortices, VIII. 163; IX. 178, 195 Wave, wave-length (of light) XIII. 299, 300, 302 Weather, prediction of, II. 20; VII. 136 Week, I. 16 Weight, VI. 116, 130; IX. 180 Weights and Measures, Commission on, XI. 237, 238 Whetstone of Witte (of Recorde), V. 95 Winter solstice, I. 11. See also Solstices Year, I. 3, 4, 16; II. 19-22, 42, 47; III. 66; V. 111 Year, sidereal, II. 42 Year, tropical, II. 42 Zadkiel’s Almanack, I. 18 n Zenith, II. 33, 35, 36, 46; III, 64; X. 221 Zenith-sector, X. 206 Zodiac, I. 13; X. 224 Zodiac, signs of the, I. 13 Zodiacal constellations, I. 13 Zones of the earth, II. 35, 47
FOOTNOTES:

1 In our climate 2,000 is about the greatest number ever visible at once, even to a keen-sighted person.

2 Owing to the greater brightness of the stars overhead they usually seem a little nearer than those near the horizon, and consequently the visible portion of the celestial sphere appears to be rather less than a half of a complete sphere. This is, however, of no importance, and will for the future be ignored.

3 A right angle is divided into ninety degrees (90°), a degree into sixty minutes (60′), and a minute into sixty seconds (60″).

4 I have made no attempt either here or elsewhere to describe the constellations and their positions, as I believe such verbal descriptions to be almost useless. For a beginner who wishes to become familiar with them the best plan is to get some better informed, friend to point out a few of the more conspicuous ones, in different parts of the sky. Others can then be readily added by means of a star-atlas, or of the star-maps given in many textbooks.

5 The names, in the customary Latin forms, are: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, and Pisces; they are easily remembered by the doggerel verses:—

The Ram, the Bull, the Heavenly Twins,
And next the Crab, the Lion shines,
The Virgin and the Scales,
The Scorpion, Archer, and He-Goat,
The Man that bears the Watering-pot,
And Fish with glittering tails.

6 This statement leaves out of account small motions nearly or quite invisible to the naked eye, some of which are among the most interesting discoveries of telescopic astronomy; see, for example, chapter X., §§ 207-215.

7 The custom of calling the sun and moon planets has now died out, and the modern usage will be adopted henceforward in this book.

8 It may be noted that our word “day” (and the corresponding word in other languages) is commonly used in two senses, either for the time between sunrise and sunset (day as distinguished from night), or for the whole period of 24 hours or day-and-night. The Greeks, however, used for the latter a special word, νυχθήμερον.

9 Compare the French: Mardi, Mercredi, Jeudi, Vendredi; or better still the Italian: Martedi, Mercoledi, Giovedi, Venerdi.

10 See, for example, Old Moore’s or Zadkiel’s Almanack.

11 We have little definite knowledge of his life. He was born in the earlier part of the 6th century B.C., and died at the end of the same century or beginning of the next.

12 Theophrastus was born about half a century, Plutarch nearly five centuries, later than Plato.

13 Republic, VII. 529, 530.

14 Confused, because the mechanical knowledge of the time was quite unequal to giving any explanation of the way in which these spheres acted on one another.

15 I have introduced here the familiar explanation of the phases of the moon, and the argument based on it for the spherical shape of the

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