All About Coffee, William H. Ukers [short story to read .txt] 📗
- Author: William H. Ukers
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The loss of coffee in weight in the roasting operation, or shrinkage as it is called, is a matter which offers opportunities for false claims of advantage in roasting processes. Anybody can see that if just as good roasted coffee could be produced with a lessened shrinkage there would be a chance for a decided increase in profits. It is a sort of finding-money proposition which always turns out to be too good to be true. The purpose of roasting coffee is to produce an article entirely different from green coffee, which is accomplished mainly by driving out moisture. If coffee is roasted thoroughly, inside as well as outside, so as to give the greatest roasted coffee value, it must sustain a proper loss in weight which there is no legitimate way to avoid. The amount of shrinkage varies a great deal with the kind of coffee and its age, also with the kind of roasting desired.
Adding a little water to the coffee at the end of the operation has the advantage of checking the roast at the desired point and helping to swell and brighten the coffee, but it is a practice which is sometimes abused by soaking the coffee with water so as to reduce the shrinkage. This is done either dishonestly, to steal coffee which belongs to somebody else, or foolishly; for the heavier coffee has a lessened cup value which more than counterbalances the apparent gain.
A Typical Coal Roaster
A typical United States coal roaster is shown in the accompanying cut. It is the latest form of that type of Burns machine which requires a brickwork setting. The picture shows the roaster ready to operate, except for smoke pipe and power connections.
The front of the machine shown has a cast-iron plate having brackets which support the cylinder front bearing, and double fire doors below for the furnace and the ash pit. The movable part of the roaster is hidden by the front head, a heavy casting which stands still except when moved by hand through a half-turn for feeding and discharging.
The cylinder is driven by gears at the back, revolving constantly at uniform speed. The inside of the cylinder is arranged with reverse-spiral flanges which mix the coffee perfectly and make uneven roasting impossible; and they discharge promptly every grain of coffee when the front-head opening is turned to the lower position. The roaster is generally operated with coal fuel, but can be used with gas by installing a suitable burner under the cylinder.
Cost Card for Roasters
Showing the value added to the cost of green coffee by roasting
By A.C. Aborn
Basis: 16 percent Shrinkage.
3⁄4 cent a pound for Roasting. G = Cost Green, Cents per Lb.
R = Cost Roasted, Cents per Lb. G R G R G R G R 5 6.85 12 15.18 19 23.51 26 31.85 51⁄8 6.99 121⁄8 15.33 191⁄8 23.66 261⁄8 31.99 51⁄4 7.14 121⁄4 15.48 191⁄4 23.81 261⁄4 32.14 53⁄8 7.29 123⁄8 15.63 193⁄8 23.96 263⁄8 32.29 51⁄2 7.44 121⁄2 15.77 191⁄2 24.11 261⁄2 32.44 55⁄8 7.59 125⁄8 15.92 195⁄8 24.26 265⁄8 32.59 53⁄4 7.74 123⁄4 16.07 193⁄4 24.40 263⁄4 32.74 57⁄8 7.89 127⁄8 16.22 197⁄8 24.55 267⁄8 32.89 6 8.04 13 16.37 20 24.70 27 33.04 61⁄8 8.19 131⁄8 16.52 201⁄8 24.85 271⁄8 33.18 61⁄4 8.33 131⁄4 16.67 201⁄4 25.00 271⁄4 33.33 63⁄8 8.48 133⁄8 16.82 203⁄8 25.15 273⁄8 33.48 61⁄2 8.63 131⁄2 16.97 201⁄2 25.30 271⁄2 33.63 65⁄8 8.78 135⁄8 17.11 205⁄8 25.45 275⁄8 33.78 63⁄4 8.93 133⁄4 17.26 203⁄4 25.60 273⁄4 33.93 67⁄8 9.08 137⁄8 17.41 207⁄8 25.75 277⁄8 34.08 7 9.23 14 17.56 21 25.89 28 34.23 71⁄8 9.37 141⁄8 17.71 211⁄8 26.04 281⁄8 34.38 71⁄4 9.52 141⁄4 17.86 211⁄4 26.19 281⁄4 34.52 73⁄8 9.67 143⁄8 18.01 213⁄8 26.34 283⁄8 34.67 71⁄2 9.82 141⁄2 18.15 211⁄2 26.49 281⁄2 34.82 75⁄8 9.97 145⁄8 18.30 215⁄8 26.64 285⁄8 34.97 73⁄4 10.12 143⁄4 18.45 213⁄4 26.79 283⁄4 35.12 77⁄8 10.27 147⁄8 18.60 217⁄8 26.93 287⁄8 35.27 8 10.42 15 18.75 22 27.08 29 35.42 81⁄8 10.57 151⁄8 18.90 221⁄8 27.23 291⁄8 35.57 81⁄4 10.71 151⁄4 19.05 221⁄4 27.38 291⁄4 35.71 83⁄8 10.86 153⁄8 19.20 223⁄8 27.53 293⁄8 35.86 81⁄2 11.01 151⁄2 19.35 221⁄2 27.68 291⁄2 36.01 85⁄8 11.16 155⁄8 19.49 225⁄8 27.83 295⁄8 36.16 83⁄4 11.31 153⁄4 19.64 223⁄4 27.98 293⁄4 36.31 87⁄8 11.46 157⁄8 19.79 227⁄8 28.13 297⁄8 36.46 9 11.61 16 19.94 23 28.27 30 36.61 91⁄8 11.76 161⁄8 20.09 231⁄8 28.42 301⁄8 36.76 91⁄4 11.90 161⁄4 20.24 231⁄4 28.57 301⁄4 36.90 93⁄8 12.05 163⁄8 20.39 233⁄8 28.72 303⁄8 37.05 91⁄2 12.20 161⁄2 20.54 231⁄2 28.87 301⁄2 37.20 95⁄8 12.35 165⁄8 20.68 235⁄8 29.02 305⁄8 37.35 93⁄4 12.50 163⁄4 20.83 233⁄4 29.17 303⁄4 37.50 97⁄8 12.65 167⁄8 20.98 237⁄8 29.32 307⁄8 37.65 10 12.80 17 21.13 24 29.46 31 37.80 101⁄8 12.95 171⁄8 21.28 241⁄8 29.61 311⁄8 37.95 101⁄4 13.10 171⁄4 21.43 241⁄4 29.76 311⁄4 38.10 103⁄8 13.24 173⁄8 21.58 243⁄8 29.91 313⁄8 38.24 101⁄2 13.39 171⁄2 21.73 241⁄2 30.06 311⁄2 38.39 105⁄8 13.54 175⁄8 21.87 245⁄8 30.21 315⁄8 38.54 103⁄4 13.69 173⁄4 22.02 243⁄4 30.36 313⁄4 38.69 107⁄8 13.84 177⁄8 22.17 247⁄8 30.51 317⁄8 38.84 11 13.99 18 22.32 25 30.65 32 38.90 111⁄8 14.14 181⁄8 22.47 251⁄8 30.80 321⁄8 39.14 111⁄4 14.29 181⁄4 22.62 251⁄4 30.95 321⁄4 39.29 113⁄8 14.43 183⁄8 22.77 253⁄8 31.10 323⁄8 39.43 111⁄2 14.58 181⁄2 22.92 251⁄2 31.25 321⁄2 39.58 115⁄8 14.73 185⁄8 23.07 255⁄8 31.40 325⁄8 39.73 113⁄4 14.88 183⁄4 23.21 253⁄4 31.55 323⁄4 39.88 117⁄8 15.03 187⁄8 23.36 257⁄8 31.70 327⁄8 40.03
A GREEN COFFEE SHRINKAGE TABLE
Showing shrinkage in roasting of raw coffee in quantities from sixty pounds up to
three hundred pounds, and at six different shrinkage percentages
Compiled by R.C. Wilhelm, New York RAW 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% RAW 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% RAW 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 60 523⁄4 521⁄4 511⁄2 51 501⁄2 493⁄4 140 1231⁄4 1213⁄4 1201⁄2 119 1171⁄2 1161⁄4 220 1931⁄2 1911⁄2 1891⁄4 187 1843⁄4 1821⁄2 61 533⁄4 53 521⁄2 513⁄4 511⁄4 503⁄4 141 124 1223⁄4 1211⁄4 1193⁄4 1181⁄2 117 221 1941⁄2 1921⁄4 190 1873⁄4 1853⁄4 1831⁄2 62 541⁄2 54 531⁄4 521⁄4 52 511⁄2 142 125 1231⁄2 122 1203⁄4 1191⁄4 1173⁄4 222 1951⁄4 1931⁄4 191 1883⁄4 1861⁄2 1841⁄4 63 551⁄2 543⁄4 54 531⁄2 53 521⁄4 143 1253⁄4 1241⁄2 123 1211⁄2 120 1183⁄4 223 1961⁄4 194 1913⁄4 1891⁄2 1871⁄4 185 64 561⁄4 553⁄4 55 541⁄2 533⁄4 53 144 1263⁄4 1251⁄4 1233⁄4 1221⁄2 121 1191⁄2 224 197 195 1923⁄4 1901⁄2 1881⁄4 186 65 571⁄4 561⁄2 56 551⁄4 541⁄2 54 145 1271⁄2 1261⁄4 1243⁄4 1231⁄4 1213⁄4 1201⁄4 225 198 1953⁄4 1931⁄2 1911⁄4 189 1863⁄4 66 58 571⁄2 563⁄4 56 551⁄2 543⁄4 146 1281⁄2 127 1251⁄2 124 1223⁄4 1211⁄4 226 199 1961⁄2 1941⁄4 192 1893⁄4 1871⁄2 67 59 581⁄4 573⁄4 57 561⁄4 551⁄2 147 1291⁄4 128 1261⁄2 125 1231⁄2 122 227 1993⁄4 1971⁄2 1951⁄4 193 1903⁄4 1881⁄2 68 593⁄4 591⁄4 581⁄2 573⁄4 57 561⁄2 148 1301⁄4 1283⁄4 1271⁄4 1253⁄4 1241⁄4 1223⁄4 228 2003⁄4 1981⁄4 196 1933⁄4 1911⁄2 1891⁄4 69 603⁄4 60 591⁄4 583⁄4 58 571⁄4 149 131 1293⁄4 1281⁄4 1263⁄4 1251⁄4 1233⁄4 229 2011⁄2 1991⁄4 197 1943⁄4 1921⁄4 190 70 611⁄2 61 601⁄4 591⁄2 583⁄4 58 150 132 1301⁄
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