English Literature: Its History and Significance for the Life of the English-Speaking World, William J. Long [suggested reading .txt] 📗

to his age? What is meant by a "Carlylese" style?

8. Macaulay. In what respects is Macaulay typical of his age? Compare his view of life with that of Carlyle. Read one of the essays, on Milton or Addison, and make an analysis, having in mind the style, the interest, and the accuracy of the essay. What useful purpose does Macaulay's historical knowledge serve in writing his literary essays? What is the general character of Macaulay's History of England? Rqad a chapter from Macaulay's History, another from Carlyle's French Revolution, and compare the two. How does each writer regard history and historical writing? What differences do you note in their methods? What are the best qualities of each work? Why are both unreliable?

9. Arnold. What elements of Victorian life are reflected in Arnold's poetry? How do you account for the coldness and sadness of his verses? Read Sohrab and Rustum and write an account of it, having in mind the story, Arnold's use of his material, the style, and the classic elements in the poem. How does it compare in melody with the blank verse of Milton or Tennyson? What marked contrasts do you find between the poetry and the prose of Arnold?

10. Ruskin. In what respects is Ruskin "the prophet of modern society"? Read the first two lectures in Sesame and Lilies and then give Ruskin's views of labor, wealth, books, education, woman's sphere, and human society. How does he regard the commercialism of his age? What elements of style do you find in these lectures? Give the chief resemblances and differences between Carlyle and Ruskin.

11. Read Mrs. Gaskell's Cranford and describe it, having in mind the style, the interest, and the characters of the story. How does it compare, as a picture of country life, with George Eliot's novels?

12. Read Blackmore's Lorna Doone and describe it (as in the question above). What are the romantic elements in the story? How does it compare with Scott's romances in style, in plot, in interest, and in truthfulness to life?

CHRONOLOGY Nineteenth Century HISTORY LITERATURE 1825. Macaulay's Essay on Milton 1826. Mrs. Browning's early poems 1830. William IV 1830. Tennyson's Poems, Chiefly Lyrical 1832. Reform Bill 1833. Browning's Pauline 1833-1834. Carlyle's Sartor Resartus 1836-1865. Dickens's novels 1837. Victoria (d. 1901) 1837. Carlyle's French Revolution 1843. Macaulay's essays 1844. Morse's Telegraph 1843-1860. Ruskin's Modern Painters 1846. Repeal of Corn Laws 1847-1859. Thackeray's important novels 1847-1857. Charlotte Brontë's novels 1848-1861. Macaulay's History 1853. Kingsley's Hypatia Mrs. Gaskell's Cranford 1854. Crimean War 1853-1855. Matthew Arnold's poems 1856. Mrs. Browning's Aurora Leigh 1857. Indian Mutiny 1858-1876. George Eliot's novels 1859-1888. Tennyson's Idylls of the King 1859. Darwin's Origin of Species 1864. Newman's Apologia Tennyson's Enoch Arden 1865-1888. Arnold's Essays in Criticism 1867. Dominion of Canada established 1868. Browning's Ring and the Book 1869. Blackmore's Lorna Doone 1870. Government schools established 1879. Meredith's The Egoist 1880. Gladstone prime minister 1883. Stevenson's Treasure Island 1885. Ruskin's Praeterita begun 1887. Queen's jubilee 1889. Browning's last work, Asolando 1892. Death of Tennyson 1901. Edward VII GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Every chapter in this book includes two lists, one of selected readings, the other of special works treating of the history and literature of the period under consideration. The following lists include the books most useful for general reference work and for supplementary reading.

A knowledge of history is of great advantage in the study of literature. In each of the preceding chapters we have given a brief summary of historical events and social conditions, but the student should do more than simply read these summaries. He should review rapidly the whole history of each period by means of a good textbook. Montgomery's English History and Cheyney's Short History of England are recommended, but any other reliable text-book will serve the purpose.

For literary texts and selections for reading a few general collections, such as are given below, are useful; but the important works of each author may now be obtained in excellent and inexpensive school editions. At the beginning of the course the teacher, or the home student, should write for the latest catalogue of such publications as the Standard English Classics, Everyman's Library, etc., which offer a very wide range of reading at small cost. Nearly every publishing house issues a series of good English books for school use, and the list is constantly increasing.

History

Text-books: Montgomery's English History; Cheyney's Short History of England (Ginn and Company).

General Works: Green's Short History of the English People, 1 vol., or A History of the English People, 4 vols. (American Book Co.).

Traill's Social England, 6 vols. (Putnam).

Bright's History, of England, 5 vols., and Gardiner's Students' History of England (Longmans).

Gibbins's Industrial History of England, and Mitchell's English Lands, Letters, and Kings, 5 vols. (Scribner).

Oxford Manuals of English History, Handbooks of English History, and Kendall's Source Book of English History (Macmillan).

Lingard's History of England until 1688 (revised, 10 vols., 1855) is the standard Catholic history.

Other histories of England are by Knight, Froude, Macaulay, etc. Special works on the history of each period are recommended in the preceding chapters.

History of Literature

Jusserand's Literary History of the English People, 2 vols. (Putnam).

Ten Brink's Early English Literature, 3 vols. (Holt).

Courthope's History of English Poetry (Macmillan).

The Cambridge History of English Literature, many vols., incomplete (Putnam).

Handbooks of English Literature, 9 vols. (Macmillan).

Garnett and Gosse's Illustrated History of English Literature, 4 vols. (Macmillan).

Morley's English Writers, 11 vols. (Cassell), extends through Elizabethan literature. It is rather complex and not up to date, but has many quotations from authors studied.

Taine's English Literature (many editions), is brilliant and interesting, but unreliable.

Literary Criticism

Lowell's Literary Essays.

Hazlitt's Lectures on the English Poets.

Mackail's The Springs of Helicon (a study of English poetry from Chaucer to Milton).

Dowden's Studies in Literature, and Dowden's Transcripts and Studies.

Minto's Characteristics of English Poets.

Matthew Arnold's Essays in Criticism.

Stevenson's Familiar Studies in Men and Books.

Leslie Stephen's Hours in a Library.

Birrell's Obiter Dicta.

Hales's Folia Litteraria.

Pater's Appreciations.

NOTE. Special works on criticism, the drama, the novel, etc., will be found in the Bibliographies on pp. 9, 181, etc.

Texts and Helps (inexpensive school editions).

Standard English Classics, and Athenaeum Press Series (Ginn and Company).

Everyman's Library (Dutton).

Pocket Classics, Golden Treasury Series, etc. (Macmillan).

Belles Lettres Series (Heath).

English Readings Series (Holt).

Riverside Literature Series (Houghton, Mifflin).

Canterbury Classics (Rand, McNally).

Academy Classics (Allyn & Bacon).

Cambridge Literature Series (Sanborn).

Silver Series (Silver, Burdett).

Student's Series (Sibley).

Lakeside Classics (Ainsworth).

Lake English Classics (Scott, Foresman).

Maynard's English Classics (Merrill).

Eclectic English Classics (American Book Co.).

Caxton Classics (Scribner).

The King's Classics (Luce).

The World's Classics (Clarendon Press).

Little Masterpieces Series (Doubleday, Page).

Arber's English Reprints (Macmillan).

New Mediaeval Library (Duffield).

Arthurian Romances Series (Nutt).

Morley's Universal Library (Routledge).

Cassell's National Library (Cassell).

Bohn Libraries (Macmillan).

Temple Dramatists (Macmillan).

Mermaid Series of English Dramatists (Scribner).

NOTE. We have included in the above list all the editions of which we have any personal knowledge, but there are doubtless others that have escaped attention.

Biography

Dictionary of National Biography, 63 vols. (Macmillan), is the standard.

English Men of Letters Series (Macmillan).

Great Writers Series (Scribner).

Beacon Biographies (Houghton, Mifflin).

Westminster Biographies (Small, Maynard).

Hinchman and Gummere's Lives of Great English Writers (Houghton, Mifflin) is a good single volume, containing thirty-eight biographies.

NOTE. For the best biographies of individual writers, see the Bibliographies at the ends of the preceding chapters.

Selections

Manly's English Poetry and Manly's English Prose (Ginn and Company) are the best single-volume collections, covering the whole field of English literature.

Pancoast's Standard English Poetry, and Pancoast's Standard English Prose (Holt).

Oxford Book of English Verse, and Oxford Treasury of English Literature, 3 vols. (Clarendon Press).

Page's British Poets of the Nineteenth Century (Sanborn).

Stedman's Victorian Anthology (Houghton, Mifflin).

Ward's English Poets, 4 vols.; Craik's English Prose Selections, 5 vols.; Chambers's Encyclopedia of English Literature, etc.

Miscellaneous

The Classic Myths in English Literature (Ginn and Company).

Adams's Dictionary of English Literature.

Ryland's Chronological Outlines of English Literature.

Brewer's Reader's Handbook.

Botta's Handbook of Universal Literature.

Ploetz's Epitome of Universal History.

Hutton's Literary Landmarks of London.

Heydrick's How to Study Literature.

For works on the English language see Bibliography of the Norman period, p. 65.

INDEX

KEY TO PRONUNCIATION

[=a], as in fate; [)a], as in fat; ä, as in arm; [a:], as in all; [a.], as in what; â, as in care

[=e], as in mete; [)e], as in met; ê, as in there

[=i], as in ice; [)i], as in it; ï, as in machine

[=o], as in old; [)o], as in not; [o:], as in move; [.o], as in son; ô, as in horse; [=oo] as in food; [)oo], as in foot

[=u], as in use; [)u], as in up; û, as in fur; [:u], as in rule; [.u], as in pull

[=y], as in fly; [)y], as in baby

c, as in call; ç, as in mice; ch, as in child; [-c]h, as in school

g, as in go; [.g], as in cage

s, as in saw; [s=], as in is

th, as in thin; th, as in then

x, as in vex; [x=], as in exact.

NOTE. Titles of books, poems, essays, etc., are in italics.

Absalom and Achitophel ([=a]-chit'o-fel)
Abt Vogler (äpt v[=o]g'ler)
Actors, in early plays;
    Elizabethan
Addison;
    life;
    works;
    hymns;
    influence;
    style
Adonais (ad-[=o]-n[=a]'is)
Aesc (esk)
Aidan, St. ([=i]'dan)
Aids to Reflection
Alastor ([)a]-l[)a]s-tôr)
Alchemist, The
Alexander's Feast
Alfred, King;
    life and times;
    works
All for Love
Alysoun, or Alisoun (äl'[)y]-sown or äl'[)y]-zoon), old form of Alice
Amelia
American Taxation, Burke's speech on
An Epistle
Anatomy of Melancholy
Ancren Riwle (angk'ren rol)
Andrea del Sarto (än-dr[=a]'yä del sär't[=o])
Andreas
Angeln
Angles, the
Anglo-Norman Period;
    literature;
    ballads;
    lyrics;
    summary;
    selections for reading;
    bibliography;
    questions on;
    chronology
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Anglo-Saxon Period;
    early poetry;
    springs of poetry;
    language;
    Christian writers;
    source books;
    summary;
    selections for reading;
    bibliography;
    questions on;
    chronology
Anglo-Saxons;
    the name;
    life;
    language;
    literature,
see Anglo-Saxon Period.
Annus Mirabilis
Anselm
Apologia, Newman's
Apologie for Poetrie
Arcadia
Areopagitica ([)a]r'=[=e]-[)o]p-[)a]-j[)i]t'[)i]-cä)
Arnold, Matthew;
    life;
    poetry;
    prose works;
    characteristics
Art, definition of
Arthurian romances
Artistic period of drama
Artistic quality of literature
Ascham, Roger
Assonance
Astraea Redux ([)a]s-tr[=e]'ä r[=e]'duks)
Astrophel and Stella ([)a]s'tr[=o]-fel)
Atalanta in Calydon ([)a]t-[)a]-l[)a]n'tä, k[)a]l'[)i]-d[)o]n)
Augustan Age, meaning. See
    Eighteenth-century literature
Aurora Leigh ([a:]-r[=o]'rä l[=e])
Austen, Jane; life;
    novels; Scott's criticism of
Bacon, Francis; life; works;
    place and influence
Bacon, Roger
Ballad, the
Ballads and Sonnets
Barchester Towers
Bard, The
Bard of the Dimbovitza (dim-bo-vitz'ä),
    Roumanian folk songs
Battle of Agincourt (English, [)a]j'in-k[=o]rt)
Battle of Brunanburh
Battle of the Books
Baxter, Richard
Beaumont, Francis (b[=o]'mont)
Becket
Bede; his history; his account
    of Cædmon
Bells and Pomegranates
Benefit of clergy
Beowulf (b[=a]'[=o]-wulf), the poem;
    history; poetical form;
    manuscript of
Beowulf's Mount
Bibliographies, study of literature;
    Anglo-Saxon Period; Norman;
    Chaucer; Revival of Learning;
    Elizabethan; Puritan;
    Restoration; Eighteenth
    century; Romanticism;
    Victorian; general
Bickerstaff Almanac
Biographia Literaria
Blackmore, Richard
Blake, William; life; works
Blank verse
Blessed Damozel
Blot in the 'Scutcheon, A
Boethius (b[=o]-[=e]'thi-us)
Boileau (bwa-l[=o]'), French critic
Boke of the Duchesse
Book of Martyrs
Borough, The
Boswell, James. See also Johnson
Boy actors
Breton, Nicholas
Brontë, Charlotte and Emily
Browne, Thomas; works
Browning, Mrs. Elizabeth Barrett
Browning, Robert; life;
    works; obscurity of; as
    a teacher; compared with
    Shakespeare; with Tennyson;
    periods of work; soul
    studies; place and message
Brut, Layamon's; quotation from
Brutus, alleged founder of Britain
Bulwer Lytton
Bunyan, John; life; works;
    his style
Burke, Edmund; life; works;
    analysis of his orations
Burney, Fanny (Madame D'Arblay)
Burns, Robert; life; poetry;
    Carlyle's essay on
Burton, Robert
Butler, Samuel
Byron; life; works;
    compared with Scott
Cædmon (k[)a]d'mon), life; works;
    his Paraphrase; school of
Cain
Callista
Calvert, Raisley
Camden, William
Campaign, The
Campion, Thomas
Canterbury Tales; plan of;
    prologue; Dryden's criticism
    of
Canynge's coffer
Carew, Thomas
Carlyle; life; works;
    style and message
Carols, in early plays
Casa Guidi Windows (kä'sä gw[=e]'d[=e])
Castell of Perseverance
Castle of Indolence
Cata
Cavalier poets
Caxton; specimen of printing
Celtic legends
Chanson de Gestes
Chanson de Roland
Chapman, George; his Homer;
    Keats's sonnet on
Chatterton, Thomas
Chaucer, how to read; life;
    works; form of his poetry;
    melody; compared with Spenser
Chaucer, Age of: history; writers;
    summary; selections for reading;
    bibliography; questions on; chronology
Chester plays
Cheyne Row
Childe Harold
Child's Garden of Verses
Chocilaicus (k[=o]-kil-[=a]'[=i]-cus)
Christ, The, of Cynewulf
Christabel
Christian Year
Christmas Carol, A
Christ's Hospital, London
Chronicle, The Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle plays
Chronicles, riming
Chronology: Anglo-Saxon Period;
    Norman-French; Age of Chaucer;
    Revival of Learning; Elizabethan;
    Puritan; Restoration; Eighteenth Century;
    Romanticism; Victorian
Citizen of the World
Clarissa
Classic and classicism
Classic influence on the drama
Cloister and the Hearth
Clough, Arthur Hugh
Cockaygne, Land of (k[=o]-k[=a]n')
Coleridge; life; works; critiqal writings
Collier, Jeremy
Collins, William
Comedy, definition; first English; of the court
Complete Angler, The
Comus, Masque of
Conciliation with America, Burke's speech
Confessions of an English Opium-Eater
Consolations of Philosophy
Cotter's Saturday Night
Couplet, the
Court comedies
Covenant of 1643
Coventry plays
Cowley, Abraham
Cowper, William; life; works
Crabbe, George
Cranford
Crashaw, Richard
Critic, meaning of
Critical writing, Dryden; Coleridge;
    in Age of Romanticism;
    in Victorian Age
Criticism, Arnold's definition
Cross, John Walter
Crown of Wild Olive
Culture and Anarchy
Curse of Jfehama (k[=e]-hä'mä)
Cursor Mundi
Cycles, of plays; of romances
Cynewulf (kin'[)e]-wulf), 36-38
Cynthia's Revels (sin'thi-ä)
Daniel, Samuel
Daniel Deronda
D'Arblay, Madame (Fanny Burney)
Darwin and Darwinism
Death, Raleigh's apostrophe to
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Defense of Poesie
Defensio pro Populo Anglicano
Defoe; life; works
Dekker, Thomas
Delia
Democracy and Romanticism;
    in Victorian Age
Dear's Lament
De Quincey; life; works; style
De Sapientia Veterum
Deserted Village, The
Dethe of Blanche the Duchesse
Diary, Evelyn's; Pepys's; selections from
Dickens;
      life;
      works;
      general plan of novels;
      his characters;
      his public;
      limitations
Dictionary, Johnson's
Discoverie of Guiana (g[=e]-ä'nä)
Divina Commedia (d[=e]-v[=e]'nä kom-m[=a]'d[=e]-ä)
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Domestic drama
Donne, John
    his poetry
Dotheboys Hall (do-the-boys)
Drama, in Elizabethan Age
    origin,
    periods of,
    miracle and mystery plays,
    interludes,
    classical influence on,
    unities,
    the English,
    types of,
    decline of.
    See also Elizabethan Age, Shakespeare,
    Jonson, Marlowe, etc.
Dramatic unities
Dramatists, methods of See
    Shakespeare, Marlowe, etc.
Drapier's Letters
Drayton, Michael
Dream of Gerontius, The (j[)e]-r[)o]n'sh[)i]-us)
Dryden
    life,
    works,
    influence,
    criticism of Canterbury Tales
Duchess of Malfi (mäl'f[=e])
Dunciad, The (dun's[)i]-ad)
Ealhild, queen ([=e]-äl'hild)
Earthly Paradise
Eastward Ho!
Economic conditions, in Age of Romanticism
Edgeworth, Maria
Edward II
Egoist, The
Eighteenth-Century Literature:
    history of the period,
    literary characteristics,
    the Classic Age,
    Augustan writers,
    romantic revival,
    the first novelists,
    summary,
    selections for reading,
    bibliography,
    questions,
    chronology,
Eikon Basilike ([=i]'kon b[)a]-sil'[)i]-k[=e])
Eikonoklastes ([=i]-kon-[=o]-klas't[=e]z)
Elegy, Gray's
Elene
Elizabethan Age
    history,
    non-dramatic poets,
    first dramatists,
    Shakespeare's predecessors,
    Shakespeare,
    Shakespeare's contemporaries and successors,
    prose writers,
    summary,
    selections,
    bibliography,
    questions,
    chronology
Endymion
English Bards and Scotch Reviewers
English Humorists
English Idyls
Eormanric ([=e]-or'man-ric)
Epicaene ([)e]p'[=i]-sen), or The Silent Woman
Epithalamium ([)e]p-[)i]-th[=a]-l[=a]'m[)i]-um)
Erasmus
Essay concerning Human Understanding
Essay of Dramatic Poesy
Essay on Burns
Essay on Criticism
Essay on Man
Essay on Milton
Essays,
    Addison's,
    Bacon's
Essays in Criticism
Essays of Elia ([=e]'l[)i]-ä)
Ethics of the Dust
Euphues and euphuism ([=u]'f[=u]-[=e]z)
Evans, Mary Ann. See George Eliot
Evelyn, John
Everlasting No, and Yea, The
Every Man in His