Myths and Legends of China, E. Werner [best english novels for beginners TXT] 📗

23–24; changes in ceremonial of, 24–25; object of, 24; of the gods, 99; of the River-god, 225 sq.

Maruta. Vedic storm-demons, 198

Measures, Weights and, 49

Medicine. Primitive knowledge of, 55–56; Ministry of, 246–247; Gods of, 247–248

Mên Shên. Gods of the Door, 165, 172 sq.; legend of, 172 sq.; Shên Shu and Yû Lû as, 173; Ch’in Shu-pao and Hu Ching-tê as, 173–174; Wei Chêng and, 174

Mencius, Mêng K’o, or Mêng Tzŭ. Teacher and philosopher; his cosmogony, 80; and the First Cause, 90

Mêng K’o. See Mencius

Mêng Tzŭ. See Mencius

Merchants. Shang; the fourth class of the people, 28

Mercy, Goddess of. See Kuan Yin and Miao Shan

Mi-lo. A river; Ch’ü Yüan drowns himself in, 152

Mi-lo Fo. Maitrêya; the successor of Shâkyamuni, 120

Miao. Creation legends of the, 406 sq.; legend of the tailed tribes, 422 n.

Miao Chi. A Taoist priest; and T’ai I, 142–143

Miao Ch’ing. Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; marries Chao K’uei, 258; canonized, 286

Miao Chuang, or P’o Chia. First name Lo Yü; kinglet of Hsi Yü, 253; Hsing Lin kingdom of, 253; Chao Chên minister to, 253; Ch’u Chieh general to, 253; Pao Tê (Po Ya) Queen of, 253; prays for a son, 253–254; birth of daughters to, 256–257; exiles Miao Shan, 260; orders destruction of the Nunnery of the White Bird, 264; orders death of Miao Shan, 265 sq.; is punished for burning the nunnery, 274 sq.; is healed by Miao Shan, 276 sq.; conspiracy against, 277 sq.; goes to Hsiang Shan, 283; his repentance, 284 sq.; canonized, 287

Miao Shan, Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; her ambition, 257–258; her renunciation, 258 sq.; at the Nunnery of the White Bird, 261 sq.; worships Buddha, 262; receives spiritual aid, 262–263; saves the nunnery, 264; her execution ordered, 265 sq.; visits the infernal regions, 267–268; makes Hell a paradise, 268; her virtue is tested, 269; and Ju Lai, 269–270; attains to perfection, 271; becomes a Buddha, 271, 286; and Shan Ts’ai, 271 sq.; tests Shan Ts’ai’s fidelity, 272–273; sends help to son of Lung Wang, 273–274; disguises herself as a priest-doctor, 275 sq.; suffers in order that her father may be cured, 277, 279 sq.; defeats conspiracy of the King’s sons-in-law, 278–279. See also Kuan Yin

Miao Yin. Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; marries Ho Fêng, 258; canonized, 286

Mid-autumn Festival (All Souls’-Day), 35, 44–45

Middle Kingdom. A term for the Chinese Empire, 29

Middle Spirit Festival, 44

Military System. In primitive times, 32–33; in relation to the ruler, 33; weapons, 33; standing armies, 33; changes in, 33–34

Ministry-ies. Of Agriculture, 50–51; celestial, 164, 198–199; of Epidemics, 240–241; of Exorcism, 248; of Fire, 236; of Medicine, 246–247; of Smallpox, 246–247; of Thunder and Storms, 198; of Time, 194; of Waters, 212

Ming Huang. Emperor; and Hsü Hao, 249–250

Mo Ti. See Mo Tzŭ

Mo Tzŭ, Mu Tzŭ, or Mo Ti A philosopher; and creation, 89–90; apotheosized, 148

Mo-li. The Four Diamond Kings of Heaven, 120 sq.

Mohammedans. Represented in Chinese Republican flag, 28

Monarchical Period. Duration of, 18; marriage in, 24; establishment of, 27; administrative system in, 29; appointment to Page 443office in, 29; funeral rites in, 40–41

Mongolia. A dependency of China, 27

Mongols. Their rule over China, 21

Monism. Transition to, from dualism, 85–86; Chu Hsi and, 86–87; Lao Tzŭ and, 87–88

Monkey. Becomes a god, 325 sq.

Monogamy. In China, 22–23

Moon. P’an Ku and the, 77–78; influences terrestrial events, 176; symbol of the, 176; hare in the, 176, 179; worship of the, 176; Shên I visits the, 187–188

Moon-queen. See Ch’ang Ô

Mother. The Earth-mother, 82, 109–110, 165; Golden, of the Tortoise, 136; Bushel—see Tou Mu; of Heaven, 150; Old, of the Waters, 220 sq.

Mountain-s. Sacrifices offered on T’ai Shan, 127; ‘the Five,’ Wu Yüeh, 242; Hua Shan, sacred, 253; monkey under the, 345–346

Mourning. Methods of, 40

Mu Kung, Tung Wang Kung, or Tung-hua Ti-chün. God of the Immortals, 136; how formed, 136; and yang principle, 136; sovereign of the Eastern Air, 136–137; his servants, Hsien T’ung and Yü Nü, 136; and Shên I, 185–186. See also Tung Wang Kung

Mu Tzŭ. See Mo Tzŭ

Mu Yeh. Battle of, 152–153

Mu-cha. See Li Mu-cha

Mulberry-trees. Goddess of, 169

Mutilations. Practised by the Chinese, 38–39

Mythology, 60 sq.; definition of, 60; Chinese rigidity and, 61, 63–64; intellect and, 61; effect of Confucianism on, 61–62; influence of religion on, 62–63; effect of Buddhism on, 62–63; history and, 63; character of Chinese, 67–68, 423; sources of Chinese, 69 sq.; doubt and, 73–74; legend and, 74–75; parallelisms between Chinese and Hebrew, 79 n.; cosmogony and, 92

Myth-s. Prerequisites to, 64 sq.; periods fertile in, 68–69; phases of, 71 sq.; Sung philosophers and, 73; a nature myth, 133; myths of the stars, 176 sq.; of time, 194 sq.; of thunder, 198 sq.; of lightning, 203–204; of wind, 204–205; of rain, 205 sq.; of the waters, 208; of fire, 236 sq.; of epidemics, medicine, exorcism, etc., 240 sq.; effect of philosophy on, 423

N

Nagas. Mountain dragons, 208

Nails. See Finger-nails

Nameless. Universe originated from, 91

“Nan K’o Mêng.” Dream of the South Branch; story of, 410 sq.

Nan-chi Hsien-wêng. Ancient Immortal of the South Pole, 154; helps Chiang Tzŭ-ya against Shên Kung-pao, 156–157; orders White Crane Youth to seize Shên Kung-pao’s head, 156; has it restored, 157; reproves Shên Kung-pao, 157; fights with Chang Shao, 158–159

Nature Myth. Yü Huang and a, 133

Navy. Modern Chinese, 34

Neptune, The Chinese. See Dragon-king-s

New Territory. See Sinkiang

New Year. Festival of, 43

New Year’s Eve. Festival of, 45

Niang-tzŭ. And the origin of the Liang-ti Lake, 405–406

Niu Huang. Ox-yellow, or bezoar, 146

No-cha. See Li No-cha

North Star. Goddess of the—see Tou Mu

Nü. First woman, 82

Nü Hsi. See Nü Kua

Nü Kua Shih, Nü Hsi, or Nü Wa. A mythical sovereign, one of the alleged progenitors of the Chinese race; sister and successor of Fu Hsi, 16, 81–82; repairer of the heavens, 72, 81–82, 224–225; description of, 81; Nü and Kua legend, 82

Nü Wa. See Nü Kua

Nung. The Agriculturists; the second class of the people, 28 Page 544

O

Ô-Mei Shan. Mountain in Saŭ-ch’uan, 171, 179, 180

O-mi-t’o Fo. Amida, Amita, Buddha; the guide who conducts to the Western Paradise, 120

Oath in the Peach-orchard, The, 114 sq.

Officers. Shih; the first class of the people in early times, 28

Officials. Ch’ên; a social division, 28

One,