Star Maker, Olaf Stapledon [top rated books of all time .TXT] 📗
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biological mutation. In a couple of generations this sour, astringent,
and undisguis-able flavor dominated in all the most disreputable
working-class quarters. To the fastidious palates of the well-to-do it
was overwhelmingly nauseating and terrifying. In fact it became for them
an unconscious symbol, tapping all the secret guilt and fear and hate
which the oppressors felt for the oppressed.
In this world, as in our own, nearly all the chief means of production,
nearly all the land, mines, factories, railways, ships, were controlled
for private profit by a small minority of the population. These
privileged individuals were able to force the masses to work for them on
pain of starvation. The tragic farce inherent in such a system was
already approaching. The owners directed the energy of the workers
increasingly toward the production of more means of production rather
than to the fulfilment of the needs of individual life. For machinery
might bring profit to the owners; bread would not. With the increasing
competition of machine with machine, profits declined, and therefore
wages, and therefore effective demand for goods. Marketless products
were destroyed, though bellies were unfed and backs unclad.
Unemployment, disorder, and stem repression increased as the economic
system disintegrated. A familiar story!
As conditions deteriorated, and the movements of charity and
state-charity became less and less able to cope with the increasing mass
of unemployment and destitution, the new pariah-race became more and
more psychologically useful to the hate-needs of the scared, but still
powerful, prosperous. The theory was spread that these wretched beings
were the result of secret systematic race-pollution by riff-raff
immigrants, and that they deserved no consideration whatever. They were
therefore allowed only the basest forms of employment and the harshest
conditions of work. When unemployment had become a serious social
problem, practically the whole pariah stock was workless and destitute.
It was of course easily believed that unemployment, far from being due
to the decline of capitalism, was due to the worthless-ness of the
pariahs.
At the time of my visit the working class had become tainted through and
through by the pariah stock, and there was a vigorous movement afoot
amongst the wealthy and the official classes to institute slavery for
pariahs and half-pariahs, so that these might be openly treated as the
cattle which in fact they were. In view of the danger of continued
race-pollution, some politicians urged wholesale slaughter of the
pariahs, or, at the least, universal sterilization. Others pointed out
that, as a supply of cheap labor was necessary to society, it would be
wiser merely to keep their numbers down by working them to an early
death in occupations which those of “pure race” would never accept.
This, at any rate, should be done in times of prosperity; but in times
of decline, the excess population could be allowed to starve, or might
be used up in the physiological laboratories.
The persons who first dared to suggest this policy were scourged by the
whips of generous popular indignation. But their policy was in fact
adopted; not explicitly but by tacit consent, and in the absence of any
more constructive plan.
The first time that I was taken through the poorest quarter of the city
I was surprised to see that, though there were large areas of slum
property far more squalid than anything in England, there were also many
great clean blocks of tenements worthy of Vienna. These were surrounded
by gardens, which were crowded with wretched tents and shanties. The
grass was worn away, the bushes damaged, the flowers trampled.
Everywhere men, women, and children, all filthy and ragged, were idling.
I learned that these noble buildings had been erected before the
world-economic-crisis (familiar phrase!) by a millionaire who had made
his money in trading an opium-like drug. He presented the buildings to
the City Council, and was gathered to heaven by way of the peerage. The
more deserving and less unsavory poor were duly housed; but care was
taken to fix the rent high enough to exclude the pariah-race. Then came
the crisis. One by one the tenants failed to pay their rent, and were
ejected. Within a year the buildings were almost empty.
There followed a very curious sequence of events, and one which, as I
was to discover, was characteristic of this strange world. Respectable
public opinion, though vindictive toward the unemployed, was
passionately tender toward the sick. In falling ill, a man acquired a
special sanctity, and exercised a claim over all healthy persons. Thus
no sooner did any of the wretched campers succumb to a serious disease
than he was carried off to be cared for by all the resources of medical
science. The desperate paupers soon discovered how things stood, and did
all in their power to fall sick. So successful were they, that the
hospitals were soon filled. The empty tenements were therefore hastily
fitted out to receive the increasing flood of patients.
Observing these and other farcical events, I was reminded of my own
race. But though the Other Men were in many ways so like us, I suspected
increasingly that some factor still hidden from me doomed them to a
frustration which my own nobler species need never fear. Psychological
mechanisms which in our case are tempered with common sense or moral
sense stood out in this world in flagrant excess. Yet it was not true
that Other Man was less intelligent or less moral than man of my own
species. In abstract thought and practical invention he was at least our
equal. Many of his most recent advances in physics and astronomy had
passed beyond our present attainment. I noticed, however, that
psychology was even more chaotic than with us, and that social thought
was strangely perverted.
In radio and television, for instance, the Other Men were technically
far ahead of us, but the use to which they put their astounding
inventions was disastrous. In civilized countries everyone but the
pariahs carried a pocket receiving set. As the Other Men had no music,
this may seem odd; but since they lacked newspapers, radio was the only
means by which the man in the street could learn the lottery and
sporting results which were his staple mental diet. The place of music,
moreover, was taken by taste-and smell-themes, which were translated
into patterns of ethereal undulation, transmitted by all the great
national stations, and restored to their original form in the pocket
receivers and taste-batteries of the population. These instruments
afforded intricate stimuli to the taste organs and scent organs of the
hand. Such was the power of this kind of entertainment that both men and
women were nearly always seen with one hand in a pocket. A special wave
length had been allotted to the soothing of infants.
A sexual receiving set had been put upon the market, and programs were
broadcast for it in many countries; but not in all. This extraordinary
invention was a combination of radio—touch, taste, odor, and sound. It
worked not through the sense organs, but direct stimulation of the
appropriate brain-centers. The recipient wore a specially constructed
skullcap, which transmitted to him from a remote studio the embraces of
some delectable and responsive woman, as they were then actually being
experienced by a male “love-broadcaster” or as electromagnetically
recorded on a steel tape on some earlier occasion. Controversies had
arisen about the morality of sexual broadcasting. Some countries
permitted programs for males but not for females, wishing to preserve
the innocence of the purer sex. Elsewhere the clerics had succeeded in
crushing the whole project on the score that radio-sex, even for men
alone, would be a diabolical substitute for a certain much desired and
jealously guarded religious experience, called the immaculate union, of
which I shall tell in the sequel. Well did the priests know that their
power depended largely on their ability to induce this luscious ecstasy
in their flock by means of ritual and other psychological techniques.
Militarists also were strongly opposed to the new invention; for in the
cheap and efficient production of illusory sexual embraces they saw a
danger even more serious than contraception. The supply of cannon-fodder
would decline.
Since in all the more respectable countries broadcasting had been put
under the control of retired soldiers or good churchmen, the new device
was at first adopted only in the more commercial and the more
disreputable states. From their broadcasting stations the embraces of
popular “radio love-stars” and even of impecunious aristocrats were
broadcast along with advertisements of patent medicines, taste-proof
gloves, lottery results, savors, and degustatants.
The principle of radio-brain-stimulation was soon developed much
further. Programs of all the most luscious or piquant experiences were
broadcast in all countries, and could be picked up by simple receivers
that were within the means of all save the pariahs. Thus even the
laborer and the factory hand could have the pleasures of a banquet
without expense and subsequent repletion, the delights of proficient
dancing without the trouble of learning the art, the thrills of
motor-racing without danger. In an ice-bound northern home he could bask
on tropical beaches, and in the tropics indulge in winter sports.
Governments soon discovered that the new invention gave them a cheap and
effective kind of power over their subjects. Slum-conditions could be
tolerated if there was an unfailing supply of illusory luxury. Reforms
distasteful to the authorities could be shelved if they could be
represented as inimical to the national radio-system. Strikes and riots
could often be broken by the mere threat to close down the broadcasting
studios, or alternatively by flooding the ether at a critical moment
with some saccharine novelty.
The fact that the political Left Wing opposed the further development of
radio amusements made Governments and the propertied classes the more
ready to accept it. The Communists, for the dialectic of history on this
curiously earthlike planet had produced a party deserving that name,
strongly condemned the scheme. In their view it was pure Capitalist
dope, calculated to prevent the otherwise inevitable dictatorship of the
proletariat.
The increasing opposition of the Communists made it possible to buy off
the opposition of their natural enemies, the priests and soldiers. It
was arranged that religious services should in future occupy a larger
proportion of broadcasting time, and that a tithe of all licensing fees
should be allocated to the churches. The offer to broadcast the
immaculate union, however, was rejected by the clerics. As an additional
concession it was agreed that all married members of the staffs of
Broadcasting Authorities must, on pain of dismissal, prove that they had
never spent a night away from their wives (or husbands). It was also
agreed to weed out all those B.A. employees who were suspected of
sympathy with such disreputable ideals as pacifism and freedom of
expression. The soldiers were further appeased by a state-subsidy for
maternity, a tax on bachelors, and regular broadcasting of military
propaganda.
During my last years on the Other Earth a system was invented by which a
man could retire to bed for life and spend all his time receiving radio
programs. His nourishment and all his bodily functions were attended to
by doctors and nurses attached to the Broadcasting Authority. In place
of exercise he received periodic massage. Participation in the scheme
was at first an expensive luxury, but its inventors hoped to make it at
no distant date available to all. It was even expected that in time
medical and menial attendants would cease to be necessary. A vast system
of automatic food-production, and distribution of liquid pabulum by
means of pipes leading to the mouths of the recumbent subjects, would be
complemented by an intricate sewage system. Electric massage could be
applied at will by pressing a button. Medical supervision would be
displaced by an automatic endocrine-compensation system. This would
enable the condition of
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