Humanistic Nursing, Loretta T. Zderad [ebook reader for comics .txt] 📗

an interior unification; a mutual common union in being.

~existential experience.~ Contact with reality with the whole of one's being; involves all that a man is as opposed to experiencing through one or several faculties.

~existentialism.~ Philosophy based on phenomenological studies of reality; centers on the analysis of existence particularly of the individual human being, stresses the freedom and responsibility of the individual, regards human existence as not completely describable or understandable in idealistic or scientific terms.

~here and now.~ An individual's unique experience of his present spatial and temporal reality including his past experiences and expectations of the future.

~humanistic nursing.~ A theory and practice that rest on an existential philosophy, value experiencing and the evolving of the "new," and aim at phenomenological description of the art-science of nursing viewed as a lived intersubjective transactional experience; nursing seen within its human context.

~intersubjective.~ Pertaining to two or more human persons and their shared between; a relationship of two or more human beings in which each is the originator of human acts and responses. {122}

~lived dialogue.~ A form of existential intersubjective relating expressed in being with and doing with the other who is regarded as a presence (as opposed to an object); a lived call and response.

~lived world.~ The everyday world as it is experienced in the here and now.

~metanursing.~ A discipline designed to deal critically with nursing, ontological study of nursing; study of the phenomenon of nursing; a critical study of nursing within its human context.

~metatheoretical.~ Transcending theory; ontological inquiry from which theory may be derived.

~nursology.~ Study of the phenomenon of nursing aimed toward the development of nursing theory.

~phenomenology.~ The descriptive study of phenomena.

~phenomenon.~ An observable fact, event, occurrence or circumstance; an appearance or immediate object of awareness in experience. A phenomenon may be objective (that is, external to the person aware of it) or subjective (for example, a thought or feeling).

~prereflective experience.~ Primary awareness or perception of reality not yet thought about; spontaneous experience; immediate experience or perception.

~presence.~ A mode of being available or open in a situation with the wholeness of one's unique individual being; a gift of the self which can only be given freely, invoked, or evoked.

~transactional.~ An aware knowing of one's effect in a situation of which one is a part; an action that goes both ways between persons. {123}

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

In addition to the extensive discussions that have been generated since the initial publication of Paterson and Zderad's Humanistic Nursing, the work has been formally cited and or discussed in the nursing literature. This selected bibliography was compiled by Helen Streubert, MSN, RN doctoral candidate and research assistant in the Department of Nursing Education, Teachers College/Columbia University, New York.

BOOKS

Chenitz, W. C. (1986). From practice to grounded theory. Menlo Park,
California: Addison-Wesley.

Chinn, P. O., & Jacobs, M. K. (1983). Theory and nursing. St. Louis:
Mosby Company.

Duldt, B. W. (1985). Theoretical perspectives for nursing. Boston:
Little-Brown & Company.

Ellis, R. (1984). Philosophic inquiry. In H. H. Werley & J. J.
Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Annual review of nursing research (pp. 211-228).
New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Fitzpatrick, J., & Whall, A. (1983). Conceptual models of nursing:
Analysis application. Bowie, Maryland: Brady Company.

Kleiman, S. (1986). Humanistic nursing: The phenomenological theory of Paterson and Zderad. In P. Winstead-Fry (Ed.), Case studies in nursing theory (pp. 167-195). New York: National League for Nursing.

Leininger, M. (1985). Ethnography and ethnonursing models and modes of qualitative data analysis. In M. Leininger (Ed.), Qualitative research methods in nursing. Orlando, Florida: Grune & Stratton.

Meleis, A. I. (1985). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress.
Philadelphia: Lippincott. {124}

Moccia, P. (Ed.). (1986). New approaches to theory development. New
York: National League for Nursing.

Munhall, P. L., & Oiler, C. J. (1986), Nursing research: A qualitative perspective. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Paterson, J. G. (1978). The tortuous way toward nursing theory. In Theory development: What, why, how? (pp. 49-65). New York: National League for Nursing.

Phipps, W. J., Long, B. C., & Woods, N. F. (1987). Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts and clinical practice (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Company.

Roy, C. (1984). Introduction to nursing: An adaptation model (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Stevens, B. J. (1984). Nursing theory: Analysis, application, evaluation (2nd ed.). Boston: Little Brown Co.

Suppe, F., & Jacox, A. (1985). Philosophy of science and the development of nursing theory. In H. H. Werley & J. J. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Annual review of nursing research (pp. 241-267). New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Zderad, L. T. (1978). From here-and-now to theory: Reflections on "how".
In Theory development: What, why, how (pp. 35-48). New York: National
League for Nursing.

ARTICLES

Bael, E. D., & Lowry, B. J. (1987). Patient and situational factors that affect nursing students' like or dislike of caring for patient. Nursing Research, 36 (5), 298-302.

Beckstrand, J. (1980). A critique of several conceptions of practice theory in nursing. Research in Nursing and Health, 3, 69-79.

Bottorff, J. L., & D'cruz, J. V. (1984). Towards inclusive notions of patient and nurse. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 9 (6), 549-553.

Braun J. L., Baines, S. L., Olson, N. G., & Scruby, L. S. (1984). Health Values, 8 (3), 12-15.

Brown, L. (1986). The experience of care: Patient perspectives. Topics in Clinical Nursing, 8 (2), 56-62.

Chenitz, W. C., & Swanson, J. M. (1984). Surfacing nursing process—A method for generating nursing theory from practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 9 (2), 205-215.

Drew, N. (1986). Exclusion and confirmation: A phenomenology of patients' experiences with caregivers. Image, 18 (2), 39-43.

Flaskerud, J. H. (1986). On toward a theory of nursing action skills and competency in nurse-patient interaction. Nursing Research, 35 (4), 250-252. {125}

King, E. C. (1984). Humanistic education: Theory and teaching strategies. Nurse Education 8 (4), 39-42.

Nahon, N. E. (1982). The relationship of self-disclosure, interpersonal dependency, and life changes to loneliness in young adults. Nursing Research, 31 (6), 343-347.

Oiler, C. (1982). The phenomenological approach in nursing research. Nursing Research, 31 (3) 178-181.

Rigdon, I. S., Clayton, B. C., & Dimond, M. (1987). Toward a theory of helpfulness for the elderly bereaved: An invitation to a new life. Advances in Nursing Science, 9 (2), 32-43.

Sarter, B. (1987). Evolutionary idealism: A philosophical foundation for holistic nursing theory. Advances in Nursing Science, 9 (2), 1-9.

Taylor, S. G. (1985). Rights and responsibilities: Nurse patient relationships. Image, 17 (1), 9-16. {126} {127}

INDEX

Abdellah, Faye G., 90

Agee, James, 8, 67

All-at-once, 4, 8, 44, 52, 55, 56, 68, 70, 73, 93, 96, 109-111

Analogy, 37, 54, 61, 83

Analysis, 72, 79, 82-84

Angular view, 5, 20, 37-38, 51, 65-67, 71, 74, 80-82, 84, 88, 95-98, 111

Art, 3, 7-8, 14, 17, 58, 60, 85-93, 111

Authenticity, 4-5, 14-15, 55, 56-60, 63, 104, 106, 111

Being and doing, 13-14, 17, 19, 26, 92

Bergson, Henri, 6, 68, 71, 72, 73, 104

Between, (the), 4, 7, 13, 21-22, 31, 44, 67, 82, 108. See also Dialogue; Intersubjective; Presence; and Transaction

Bracket, 38, 62, 80

Buber, Martin, 4, 6, 16, 23, 39, 44, 45, 47, 55, 69, 72, 73, 93, 104, 106, 110

Call and Response, 3, 5, 7, 24, 29-31

Choice, 4-6, 15-17, 20, 24, 37, 57, 69, 72. See also Confidentiality; Responsibility

Christoffers, Carol Ann, 89

Clinical, 65, 67, 92-93, 96, 103-109

Comfort, 65, 96, 98-103, 106, 111-112

Community, 7, 14, 37-48, 63, 84

Complementary synthesis, 3, 8, 36, 68, 73-74, 111.
  See also Synthesis

Confidentiality, 53-56.
  See also Choice; Responsibility

Cousins, Norman, 39, 47, 104

Cross-clinical, 20

de Chardin, Pierre Teilhard, 6, 39, 41, 104

Desan, Wilfrid, 16, 39, 73, 74, 108

Description, see Phenomenological description

Dewey, John, 72, 104

Dialogue, 21-36, 73, 77, 92-93. See also Between (the); Intersubjective; Presence; and Transaction

Durant, Ariel, 69

Durant, Will, 69

Existential, existentialism, 4-9, 14, 15, 23, 38, 47, 65-66. See also Phenomenology; Philosophy

Fahy, Ellen T., 91

Family, 38-45

Frankl, Viktor E., 6, 102

Garner, Grayce C. Scott, 88, 89

Gilbert, Ruth, 65, 96, 109, 110

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 6, 67, 102 {128}

Heinlein, Robert A., 45

Here and now, 40, 41, 57, 68, 69, 80, 81

Hersey, John, 39, 89

Hesse, Herman, 6, 39, 40, 45, 69

Humanistic nursing, 3, 5, 14-20, 21, 85, 92-93

Humanistic nursing practice theory, 3, 6-7, 8, 17-20, 21, 55, 60, 62, 65, 70, 77-84, 95-112

Human situation, 11, 18-20, 87, 89

Husserl, Edmund, 56, 78, 79

Intersubjective, 13, 15-17, 21-22, 26-27, 31-32, 35-36, 68, 81, 90, 93. See also Between, (the); Dialogue; Presence; and Transaction

Intuition, intuitive, 19, 23, 52, 71-72, 73, 79-82, 96, 109

I-It, 27, 36, 44-45, 73, 106-112

I-Thou, 6, 27, 36, 44-45, 62, 72, 73, 92, 106-112

Jung, Carl G., 6, 58, 68

Kaplan, Abraham, 66

Kiell, Norman, 43

Laing, R. D., 17

Lemkau, Paul V., 54-55

Man, concept of, 5, 15-16, 18-19, 26, 38-45, 51, 52, 54-56, 67-71

Marcel, Gabriel, 6, 16, 23, 41

May, Rollo, 6

Meeting, 18, 24-26

Metanursing, 20

Metaphor, 54, 61, 84

Methodology, 65-75, 77-84, 95-112

Microcosm-macrocosm, 37-38, 40, 48

More-being, moreness, 4-6, 12, 16-17, 19, 29, 32, 36, 44-45, 48, 63, 69, 89, 92

Muller, Theresa G., 39, 65, 96, 109, 110

Nietzsche, Frederick, 6, 39, 40, 41, 46, 47, 54, 71, 102, 104, 105

Nursing, 3, 5, 7, 11-17, 21, 45-48, 57-58, 65, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75,
    90-92, 95-112.
  See also Humanistic nursing

Nursology, 65, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74

Nurture, 13, 18-19, 25

Objective, see Subjective-objective

Paradox, 4, 39, 70

Phenomenological description, 3, 6-8, 13-14, 54, 60-62, 70, 77-84, 96, 111

Phenomenology, 6, 9, 60-62, 66, 67, 72, 78, 79

Phillips, Gene, 4

Philosophy, 17, 40, 66, 67, 75, 97. See also Existentialism; Phenomenology

Plato, 6, 37, 45, 67, 104

Plutarch, 101

Popper, Karl, 39, 104

Practice, see Humanistic nursing practice theory

Presence, 3, 5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 27-29, 47, 56, 58, 72, 106. See also Between, (the); Dialogue; Intersubjective; and Transaction

Proust, Marcel, 6

Research, 51-63

Responsibility, 3, 6, 16-17, 20, 28, 41, 53-55, 57, 63, 69, 70, 72, 110. See also Choice; Confidentiality

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 6

Russell, Bertrand, 70, 104

Science, scientific, 3, 6, 7, 8, 15, 17, 35, 45, 52, 53, 58, 60, 66, 68, 70, 72, 85-87, 88, 90, 93, 111 {129}

Socrates, 38

Space, 18-20, 34-35

Subjective-objective, 27, 35-36, 52, 67, 79, 81, 93

Synthesis, 72-74, 79, 82-84, 93, 95, 102, 103, 108, 111. See also Complementary synthesis

Theory, see Humanistic nursing practice theory

Time, 18-20, 29, 33-34

Transactions, 11, 12-13, 16-20, 21, 35-36. See also Between, (the); Dialogue; Intersubjective; and Presence

Trautman, Mary Jane, 87, 88

Uniqueness, 4, 7, 15, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 35-36, 40, 45, 56, 68, 69,
    72, 77, 111

Value, 6, 16, 17, 18, 30, 39, 46-48, 54, 56-57, 69, 71, 77, 79, 85, 97,
    98, 104, 105

Well-being, 12, 16, 36, 89, 92

Whitehead, Alfred North, 6

Wiesel, Elie, 7, 96

Weymouth, Lilyan, 55

Words, 8, 60-62, 73, 81, 98

Wright, Edward A., 91

[Transcriber's Note: The following corrections have been made in this version.]

Page iv 'exhilirating' corrected to 'exhilarating': same exhilarating feeling 'evalute' corrected to'evaluate': and evaluate.

Page 11 'sitution' corrected to 'situation': the human situation 'appers' corrected to 'appears': nursing appears in

Page 12 'limtations' corrected to 'limitations': and limitations of

Page 14 'siuation' corrected to 'situation': now shared situation

Page 15 'wothout' corrected to 'without': goes without saying 'echos' corrected to 'echoes': process echoes existential

Page 18 'wiscom' corrected to 'wisdom': of clinical wisdom 'wourlds' corrected to 'worlds': lived nursing worlds

Page 20 'appraoch' corrected to 'approach': nursing approach is 'cross-clincal' corrected to 'cross-clinical': genuine cross-clinical

Page 21 'clairty' corrected to 'clarity': gained in clarity 'nusing' corrected to 'nursing': runs through nursing 'conveyting' corrected to 'conveying': stream conveying the

Page 22 'languge' corrected to 'language': with our language 'consitituent' corrected to 'constituent': component or constituent 'relfecting' corrected to 'reflecting': Once while reflecting