Latin for Beginners, Benjamin Leonard D'Ooge [easy novels to read .TXT] 📗
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NOUNS
«fīlius, fīlī», m., son (filial)
fluvius, fluvī, m., river (fluent)
«gladius, gladī», m., sword (gladiator)
«praesidium, praesi´dī», n., garrison, guard, protection
«proelium, proelī», n., battle
ADJECTIVES
«fīnitimus, -a, -um», bordering upon, neighboring, near to.
As a noun, «fīnitimī, -ōrum», m., plur., neighbors
«Germānus, -a, -um», German. As a noun, «Germānus, -ī», m.,
a German
«multus, -a, -um», much; plur., many
ADVERB
«saepe», often
NOUNS
«ager, agrī», m., field (acre)
«cōpia, -ae», f., plenty, abundance (copious); plur., troops,
forces
«Cornēlius, Cornē´lī», m., Cornelius
«lōrī´ca, -ae», f., coat of mail, corselet
«praemium, praemī», n., reward, prize (premium)
«puer, puerī», m., boy (puerile)
«Rōma, -ae», f., Rome
«scūtum, -ī», n., shield (escutcheon)
«vir, virī», m., man, hero (virile)
ADJECTIVES
«legiōnārius, -a, -um»,[A] legionary, belonging to the legion.
As a noun, «legiōnāriī, -ōrum», m., plur., legionary soldiers
«līber, lībera, līberum», free (liberty) As a noun. «līberī, -ōrum,»
m., plur., children (lit. the freeborn)
«pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum», pretty, beautiful
PREPOSITION
«apud», among, with acc.
CONJUNCTION
«sed», but
[Footnote A: The genitive singular masculine of adjectives in «-ius»
ends in «-iī» and the vocative in «-ie»; not in «-ī», as in nouns.]
NOUNS
«auxilium, auxi´lī», n., help, aid (auxiliary)
«castrum, -ī», n., fort (castle); plur., camp (lit. forts)
«cibus, -ī», m., food
«cōnsilium, cōnsi´lī», n., plan (counsel)
«dīligentia, -ae», f., diligence, industry
magister, magistrī, m., master, teacher[A]
ADJECTIVES
«aeger, aegra, aegrum», sick
«crēber, crēbra, crēbrum», frequent
«miser, misera, miserum», wretched, unfortunate (miser)
[Footnote A: Observe that «dominus», as distinguished from
«magister», means master in the sense of owner.]
NOUNS
«carrus, -ī», m., cart, wagon
«inopia, -ae», f., want, lack; the opposite of «cōpia»
«studium, studī», n., zeal, eagerness (study)
ADJECTIVES
«armātus, -a, -um», armed
«īnfīrmus, -a, -um», week, feeble (infirm)
vali´dus, -a, -um, strong, sturdy
VERB
«mātūrat», he (she, it) hastens. Cf. properat
ADVERB
«iam», already, now
«-que», conjunction, and; an enclitic (cf. §16) and always added to the second of two words to be connected, as «arma tēla´que», arms and weapons.
LESSON XVII, §117 NOUNS
«agrī cultūra, -ae», f., agriculture
«Gallia, -ae», f., Gaul
«domicilīum, domīci´lī», n., dwelling place (domicile), abode
«Gallus, -i», m., a Gaul
«lacrima, -ae», f., tear
«fēmina, -ae», f., woman (female)
«numerus, -ī», m., number (numeral)
ADJECTIVE
«mātūrus, -a, -um», ripe, mature
ADVERB
quō, whither
VERBS
arat, he (she, it) plows (arable)
«dēsīderat», he (she, it) misses, longs for (desire), with acc.
CONJUNCTION
«an», or, introducing the second half of a double question, as
Is he a Roman or a Gaul, «Estne Romanus an Gallus?»
NOUNS
lūdus, -ī, m., school
«socius, socī», m., companion, ally (social)
ADJECTIVES
«īrātus, -a, -um», angry, furious (irate)
«laetus, -a, -um», happy, glad (social)
ADVERBS
hodiē, to-day
«ibi», there, in that place
mox, presently, soon, of the immediate future
«nunc», now, the present moment
«nūper», lately, recently, of the immediate past
NOUNS
«fōrma, -ae», f., form, beauty
«regīna, -ae», f., queen (regal)
«poena, -ae», f., punishment, penalty
superbia, -ae, f., pride, haughtiness
«potentia, -ae», f., power (potent)
«trīstītīa, -ae», f., sadness, sorrow
ADJECTIVES «septem,» indeclinable, seven «superbus, -a, -um», proud, haughty (superb)
CONJUNCTIONS «nōn sōlum … sed etiam», not only … but also
LESSON XXI, §140 NOUNS
sacrum, -ī, n., sacrifice, offering, rite
«verbum, -ī», n., word (verb)
VERBS
sedeō, -ēre, sit (sediment)
volō, -āre, fly (volatile)
ADJECTIVES
«interfectus, -a, -um», slain
«molestus, -a, -um», troublesome, annoying (molest)
«perpetuus, -a, -um», perpetual, continuous
«ego», personal pronoun, I (egotism). Always emphatic in the nominative.
LESSON XXII, §146 NOUNS
«disciplīna, -ae», f., training, culture, discipline
«Gāius, Gāī», m., Caius, a Roman first name
«ōrnāmentum, -ī», n., ornament, jewel
Tiberius, Tibe´rī, m., Tiberius, a Roman first name
VERB
«doceō, -ēre», teach (doctrine)
ADVERB
«maximē», most of all, especially
ADJECTIVE
«antīquus, -qua, -quum», old, ancient (antique)
NOUNS
«āla, -ae», f., wing
«deus, -ī», m., god (deity)[A]
«monstrum, -ī», n., omen, prodigy; monster
ōrāculum, -ī, n., oracle
VERB
«vāstō, -āre», lay waste, devastate
ADJECTIVES
«commōtus, -a, -um», moved, excited
«maximus, -a, -um», greatest (maximum)
«saevus, -a, -um», fierce, savage
ADVERBS
«ita», thus, in this way, as follows
«tum», then, at that time
[Footnote A: For the declension of «deus», see §468]
LESSON XXVIII, §171 VERBS
«respondeō, -ēre», respond, reply
«servō, -āre», save, preserve
ADJECTIVE
«cārus, -a, -um», dear (cherish)
CONJUNCTION
«autem», but, moreover, now. Usually stands second, never first
NOUN
«vīta, -ae», f., life (vital)
VERB
«superō, -āre», conquer, overcome (insuperable)
NOUNS
«cūra, -ae», f., care, trouble
«locus, -ī», m., place, spot (location). «Locus» is neuter in the
plural and is declined «loca, -ōrum», etc.
«perīculum, -ī», n., danger, peril
ADVERBS
«semper», always
«tamen», yet, nevertheless
PREPOSITIONS «dē», with abl., down from.; concerning «per», with acc., through
CONJUNCTION «si», if
LESSON XXX, §182 VERBS
«absum», abesse, irreg., be away, be absent, be distant, with
separative abl.
«adpropinquō, -āre», draw near, approach (propinquity), with
dative[A]
«contineō, -ēre», hold together, hem in, keep (contain)
«discēdō, -ere», depart, go away, leave, with separative abl.
«egeō, -ēre», lack, need, be without, with separative abl.
«interficiō, -ere», kill
«prohibeō, -ēre», restrain, keep from (prohibit)
«vulnerō, -āre», wound (vulnerable)
NOUNS
«prōvincia, -ae», f., province
«vīnum, -ī», n., wine
ADJECTIVE
«dēfessus, -a, -um», weary, worn out
ADVERB
«longē», far, by far, far away
[Footnote A: This verb governs the dative because the idea of nearness to is stronger than that of motion to. If the latter idea were the stronger, the word would be used with «ad» and the accusative.]
LESSON XXXI, §188 NOUNS
aurum, -ī, n., gold (oriole)
«mora, -ae», f., delay
«nāvigium, nāvi´gī», n., boat, ship
«ventus, -ī», m., wind (ventilate)
VERB
«nāvigō, -āre», sail (navigate)
ADJECTIVES
attentus, -a, -um, attentive, careful
«dubius, -a, -um», doubtful (dubious)
perfidus, -a, -um, faithless, treacherous (perfidy)
ADVERB
«anteā», before, previously
PREPOSITION
«sine», with abl., without
NOUNS
«animus, -ī», m., mind, heart; spirit, feeling (animate)
«bracchium, bracchī», n., forearm, arm
«porta, -ae», f., gate (portal)
ADJECTIVES
«adversus, -a, -um», opposite; adverse, contrary
«plēnus, -a, -um», full (plenty)
PREPOSITION
«prō», with abl., before; in behalf of; instead of
ADVERB
«diū», for a long time, long
ADVERBS
«celeriter», quickly (celerity)
«dēnique», finally
«graviter», heavily, severely (gravity)
«subitō», suddenly
VERB
«reportō, -āre, -āvī», bring back, restore; win, gain (report)
«dexter, dextra, dextrum», right (dextrous) «sinister, sinistra, sinistrum», left «frūstrā», adv., in vain (frustrate)
«gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus», bear, carry on; wear;
«bellum gerere», to wage war
«occupō, occupāre, occupāvī, occupātus», seize, take possession of
(occupy)
«postulō, postulāre, postulāvī, postulātus», demand (ex-postulate)
«recūsō, recūsāre, recūsāvī, recūsātus», refuse
«stō, stāre, stetī, status», stand
«temptō, temptāre, temptāvī, temptātus», try, tempt, test; attempt
«teneō, tenēre, tenuī, ——», keep, hold (tenacious)
The word «ubi», which we have used so much in the sense of where in
asking a question, has two other uses equally important:
1. «ubi» = when, as a relative conjunction denoting time; as,
«Ubi mōnstrum audīvērunt, fūgērunt», when they heard the monster,
they fled
2. «ubi» = where, as a relative conjunction denoting place; as,
«Videō oppidum ubi Galba habitat», I see the town where Galba
lives
«ubi» is called a relative conjunction because it is equivalent to a relative pronoun. When in the first sentence is equivalent to at the time «at which»; and in the second, where is equivalent to the place «in which».
LESSON XXXVII, §217 «neque» or «nec», conj., neither, nor, and … not;
«neque … neque», neither … nor
«castellum, -ī», n., redoubt, fort (castle)
«cotīdiē», adv., daily
cessō, cessāre, cessāvī, cessātus, cease, with the infin.
«incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptus», begin (incipient),
with the infin.
«oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus», storm, assail
«petō, petere, petivi» or «petiī, petītus», aim at, assail, storm,
attack; seek, ask (petition)
«pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus», place, put (position);
«castra pōnere», to pitch camp
«possum, posse, potuī, ——», be able, can (potent), with the infin.
«vetō, vetāre, vetuī, vetitus», forbid (veto), vith the infin.;
opposite of «iubeō», command
«vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus», conquer (in-vincible)
«vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, ——», live, be alive (re-vive)
«barbarus, -a, -um», strange, foreign, barbarous. As a noun, «barbarī, -ōrum», m., plur., savages, barbarians «dux, ducis», m., leader (duke). Cf. the verb «dūcō» «eques, equitis», m., horseman, cavalryman (equestrian) iūdex, iūdicis, m., judge «lapis, lapidis», m., stone (lapidary) «mīles, mīlitis», m., soldier (militia) «pedes, peditis», m., foot soldier (pedestrian) «pēs, pedis»,[A] m., foot (pedal) «prīnceps, prīncipis», m., chief (principal) «rēx, rēgis», m., king (regal) «summus, -a, -um», highest, greatest (summit) «virtūs, virtūtis», f., manliness, courage (virtue)
[Footnote A: Observe that «e» is long in the nom. sing, and short in the other cases.]
LESSON XL, §237«Caesar, -aris», m., Cæsar «captīvus, -ī», m., captive, prisoner «cōnsul, -is», m., consul «frāter, frātris», m., brother (fraternity) «homō, hominis», m., man, human being «impedīmentum, -ī», n., hindrance (impediment); plur. «impedīmenta, -ōrum», baggage «imperātor, imperātōris», m., commander in chief, general (emperor) «legiō, legiōnis», f., legion «māter, mātris», f., mother (maternal) «ōrdō, ōrdinis», m., row, rank (order) «pater, patris», m., father (paternal) «salūs, salūtis», f., safety (salutary) «soror, sorōris», f., sister (sorority)
LESSON XLI, §239«calamitās, calamitātis», f., loss, disaster, defeat (calamity) «caput, capitis», n., head (capital) «flūmen, flūminis», n., river (flume) «labor, labōris», m., labor, toil «opus, operis», n., work, task «ōrātor, ōrātōris», m., orator «rīpa, -ae», f., bank (of a stream) «tempus, temporis», n., time (temporal) «terror, terrōris», m., terror, fear «victor, victōris», m., victor
«accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptus», receive, accept
«cōnfirmō, cōnfīrmāre, cōnfīrmāvī, cōnfīrmātus», strengthen,
establish, encourage (confirm)
«animal, animālis (-ium[A])», n., animal «avis, avis (-ium)», f., bird (aviation) «caedēs, caedis (-ium)», f., slaughter calcar, calcāris (-ium), n., spur «cīvis, cīvis (-ium)», m. and f., citizen (civic) «cliēns, clientis (-ium)», m., retainer, dependent (client) «fīnis, fīnis (-ium)», m., end, limit (final); plur., country, territory «hostis, hostis (-ium)», m. and f., enemy in war (hostile). Distinguish from «inimīcus», which means a personal enemy «ignis, ignis (-ium)», m., fire (ignite) «īnsigne, īnsignis (-ium)», n. decoration, badge (ensign) «mare, maris (-ium[B])», n., sea (marine) «nāvis, nāvis (-ium)», f., ship (naval); «nāvis longa», man-of-war «turris, turris (-ium)», f., tower (turret) «urbs, urbis (-ium)», f., city (suburb). An «urbs» is larger than an «oppidum».
[Footnote A: The genitive plural ending -ium is written to mark the i-stems.]
[Footnote B: The genitive plural of mare is not in use.]
LESSON XLIV, §249«arbor, arboris», f., tree (arbor) «collis, collis (-ium)», m., hill «dēns, dentis (-ium)», m., tooth (dentist) fōns, fontis (-ium), m.. fountain, spring; source «iter, itineris», n., march, journey, route (itinerary) «mēnsis, mēnsis (-ium)», m., month «moenia, -ium», n., plur., walls, fortifications. Cf. «mūrus» «mōns, montis (-ium)», m., mountain; «summus mōns», top of the mountain «numquam», adv., never «pōns, pontis», m., bridge (pontoon) «sanguis, sanguinis», m., blood (sanguinary) «summus, -a, -um», highest, greatest (summit) «trāns», prep, with acc., across (transatlantic) «vīs (vīs)», gen. plur. «virium», f. strength, force, violence (vim)
LESSON XLV, §258«ācer, ācris, ācre», sharp, keen, eager (acrid) «brevis, breve», short, brief «difficilis, difficile», difficult «facilis, facile», facile, easy «fortis, forte», brave (fortitude) «gravis, grave», heavy, severe, serious (grave) «omnis, omne», every, all (omnibus) «pār», gen. «paris», equal (par) «paucī, -ae, -a», few, only a few (paucity) «secundus, -a, -um», second; favorable, opposite of adversus «signum, -ī», n., signal, sign, standard «vēlōx», gen. «vēlōcis», swift (velocity)
«conlocō, conlocāre, conlocāvī, conlocātus», arrange, station, place
(collocation)
«dēmōnstrō, dēmōnstrāre, dēmōnstrāvī, dēmōnstrātus», point out,
explain (demonstrate)
«mandō, mandāre, mandāvī, mandātus», commit, intrust
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