Network Terms to Learn, Kalai Selvi Arivalagan [books to read in a lifetime .TXT] 📗

hash value is a sort of concentrated summary of every string within a given file, and should be able to change even when a single byte of data in that file is changed (avalanche effect). This provides massive benefits in hashing in terms of data compression. While hashing is not compression, it can operate very much like file compression in that it takes a larger data set and shrinks it into a more manageable form.  Suppose you had "John's wallet ID" written 4000 times throughout a database. By taking all of those repetitive strings and hashing them into a shorter string, you’re saving tons of memory space. Term of the day - 23

 

Breadcrumb Navigation

Breadcrumb navigation is a tool used in Web searches that allows users to retrace their steps, or go back to a point in time that relates to their original search. Breadcrumb navigation derived its name from the fairy tale "Hansel and Gretel", in which the two main characters used a breadcrumb trail to find their way back home. Breadcrumb navigation links the user back to the prior website page in the overall online route. In other words, the breadcrumb trail will allow the user to backtrack through the previous pages.  Breadcrumb navigation may also be called a breadcrumb trail or a cookie crumb trail.

 

Empowered Edge

 

Empowered edge is a term in IT that is used to talk about empowering computing centralization that is distributed toward the edge of a network, toward the end user and the end user device. It is a key concept in device management in the cloud and big data age.  Empowered edge is also known as device democracy.

 

Machine Intelligence

Machine intelligence is a somewhat obscure term for specific kinds of artificial intelligence that are being noticing as the field advances. A definition put forth by some artificial intelligence companies is that machine intelligence “enables a machine to interact with an environment in an intelligent way.”

 

Undefined Behavior

 

In computer science, undefined behavior happens when a computer language does not handle a certain operation that is coded into a codebase. Some experts describe this as “assumptions made by translators of a source code,” suggesting that when there is not a procedure for a certain syntax, that leads to a problem that is hard to predict in terms of its resolution. 

 

Bandwidth Shaping

 

Bandwidth shaping is the process of allocating parts of network connections as well as establishing bandwidth usage amounts that correspond to activity types. As it relates ISPs, the term refers to the limitations they set to manage the amount of bandwidth individual consumers use so that no one user can obtain a disproportionate amount of control over the Internet gateway.

 

Cross-Browser

 

Cross-browser refers to the ability of a website, HTML construct, application or even client-side script to work in several different environments, ones that provide its required features. Similar to the way a cross-platform program is one that can run across multiple computer platforms, cross-browser websites are capable of running in several browsers.

 

Embedded Intelligence

Embedded intelligence is a term for a self-referential process in technology where a given system or program has the ability to analyze its own operations. Embedded intelligence is often inherent in some business process, automation program or task-based resource. Using embedded intelligence, companies can get smarter about how they deploy technology in enterprise environments.

 

Bake-Off

A bake-off is a research process or proof of concept in which competing technologies are compared and the best product or service is selected.

 

A bake-off may also refer to a meeting in which software programmers challenge network protocols with their best innovative programs.

A bake-off may also be called a technology bake-off.

 

Bayesian Statistics

Bayesian statistics is a type of dynamic probability statistics commonly used in today’s world of artificial intelligence and machine learning. These technologies seek to go beyond pure linear programming to a more probabilistic approach. Bayesian statistics complements this idea, because a Bayesian statistical approach is more sophisticated and based on a different probabilistic foundation than “frequentist” statistics that have been the most common type of statistical analysis done to date.

 

Hash Rate

A hash rate in blockchain and cryptocurrency operations is defined as the number of hash operations done in a given amount of time, or the speed of a miner's performance. The hash rate is an important factor in the logistics of cryptocurrency mining and blockchain operations, and something that is often evaluated and discussed in cryptocurrency communities.

 

Variety

Variety is a 3 V's framework component that is used to define the different data types, categories and associated management of a big data repository. Variety provides insight into the uniqueness of different classes of big data and how they are compared with other types of data.

 

Cryptomining

 

The practice of “cryptomining” or cryptocurrency mining involves adding various cryptocurrency transactions and evidence of mining work to the blockchain ledger. As a miner works to generate the block contents and algorithmic outputs that make up new blockchain transactions, they are said to be creating a new “coin” of a particular kind in the blockchain.

 

Chatbot

 

A chatbot is an artificial intelligence (AI) program that simulates interactive human conversation by using key pre-calculated user phrases and auditory or text-based signals. Chatbots are frequently used for basic customer service and marketing systems that frequent social networking hubs and instant messaging (IM) clients. They are also often included in operating systems as intelligent virtual assistants.  A chatbot is also known as an artificial conversational entity (ACE), chat robot, talk bot, chatterbot or chatterbox.

 

Typosquatting

Typosquatting is a questionable technique used by a cybersquatter to attract website traffic by redirecting common typos of popular search terms or major websites to their own sites.  Cybersquatters may try to sell products, install malware on a user's machine or even make an opposing political statement.  The extreme version of typosquatting is similar to phishing, where an impostor website mimics a real site,  thus providing the user with a false impression that he or she has accessed the correct web page.

 

Zombie Cookie

A zombie cookie is an HTTP cookie that returns to life automatically after being deleted by the user. Zombie cookies are recreated using a technology called Quantcast, which creates Flash cookies to trace users on the internet. The Flash cookies are then used to recreate browser cookies, becoming zombie cookies that never die.

 

Community Cloud

A community cloud is a cloud service model that provides a cloud computing solution to a limited number of individuals or organizations that is governed, managed and secured commonly by all the participating organizations or a third party managed service provider.

 

Stealth Mode

Stealth mode is an IT business strategy in which software, hardware or an IT product/service is intentionally hidden from the market, competitors or the general public until a predefined or completion date. It is the practice of keeping a product or service under wraps, specifically in highly competitive markets.

 

Big Data Visualization

Big data visualization refers to the implementation of more contemporary visualization techniques to illustrate the relationships within data. Visualization tactics include applications that can display real-time changes and more illustrative graphics, thus going beyond pie, bar and other charts. These illustrations veer away from the use of hundreds of rows, columns and attributes toward a more artistic visual representation of the data.

 

Kaggle

Kaggle is a subsidiary of Google that functions as a community for data scientists and developers. Those interested in machine learning or other kinds of modern development can join the community of over 1 million registered users and talk about development models, explore data sets, or network across 194 separate countries around the world.

 

Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)

 

Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is a Microsoft specification for running high-level language program applications in different computer systems without changing the application code. CLI is based on the Microsoft .NET concept that some high-level language programs require modifications due to system hardware and processing constraints.  CLI compiles applications as Intermediate Language (IL), which is automatically compiled as native system code. This approach allows applications to run without code rewrites in limited systems.

 

Information Security Audit

An information security audit occurs when a technology team conducts an organizational review to ensure that the correct and most up-to-date processes and infrastructure are being applied. An audit also includes a series of tests that guarantee that information security meets all expectations and requirements within an organization. During this process, employees are interviewed regarding security roles and other relevant details.

Pulsing Zombie

A pulsing zombie is a degradation-of-service attack that occurs when a hacker maliciously targets a system and compromises computer security by sending a steady stream of attacks over a long period of time. Pulsing zombie attacks generally occur without the website users' knowledge. Although pulsing zombie attacks weaken system performance, they do not shut down systems like with a typical denial-of-service attacks.

 

Cloud Management

 

Cloud management is the process of evaluating, monitoring and optimizing cloud computing based solutions and services to produce the desired efficiency, performance and overall service level required. Cloud management is the practice of end-to-end supervision of the cloud environment by an organization, cloud service vendor or both. It ensures that the cloud computing services are delivered and operated in the most optimal form.

 

Ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malware programming that infects, locks or takes control of a system. The attacker then requests a financial payment to undo the malicious action. Ransomware attackers typically encrypt files and demand digital currency in exchange for the correct decryption key. The attacker may threaten to leak exfiltrated data to the public or post it for sale on the dark web if the ransom is not paid. Ransomware is distributed through malicious email attachments, infected downloads and compromised websites. The attacker will typically demand payment in a specific cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, to avoid detection through conventional follow-the-money tracing methods used by law enforcement.  Ransomware may also be referred to as a crypto-virus, crypto-Trojan or crypto-worm.

 

Microservices

A microservice is a modular software component that does one defined job. Microservices, which have become the default architecture for software development, can run as processes in application servers, virtual machines (VMs) and containers. Each microservice is a mini-application that has its own business logic and adapters for carrying out functions such as database access and messaging. Microservices typically communicate with each other using Application Programming Interfaces (APIs).

 

Edge Computing

Edge computing is the practice of processing data as close to its source as possible in order to reduce network latency by minimizing communication time between clients and servers.  In an edge computing network architecture, data that was traditionally sent to the cloud or a central data center is processed locally, close to where the data originated. The benefits of edge computing include data-stream acceleration and real-time data processing without latency.  This approach to processing data at the edge of the network also allows threat monitoring and network analytic tools to be deployed where they’re needed most.

 

Blockchain

 

Blockchains are lists of records that are linked together using cryptography. Each record is called a block. The blocks contain the record data and a cryptographic hash to the previous block in the chain. The cryptographic hash is created using the data in the record. So, if any of the data is changed, the link to that data will no longer be valid. This linking creates a secure record history because it is not possible to change a record without altering all the subsequent blocks attached to it, referred to as an immutable ledger. Blockchains are used to record cryptocurrency transactions. The structure of blockchains allows both parties