Network Terms to Learn, Kalai Selvi Arivalagan [books to read in a lifetime .TXT] 📗

method since it doesn’t have a return type. Instead of performing a task by executing code, the constructor initializes the object, and it cannot be static, final, abstract, and synchronized.

 

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides customers with Internet access. It is often referred to as just “the provider.” Data may be transmitted using several technologies, including dial-up, DSL, cable modem, wireless or dedicated high-speed interconnects.  Typically, ISPs also provide their customers with the ability to communicate with one another by providing Internet email accounts, usually with numerous email addresses at the customer’s discretion.  Other services, such as telephone and television services, or personal websites or home pages may be provided as well. The services and service combinations may be unique to each ISP. 

 

Today, ISPs are usually cable companies or mobile phone companies that offer Internet subscriptions in addition to TV or mobile communications services. An Internet service provider is also known as an Internet access provider (IAP).

 

Cache Memory

Cache memory is a small-sized type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access to a processor and stores frequently used computer programs, applications and data.  A temporary storage of memory, cache makes data retrieving easier and more efficient. It is the fastest memory in a computer, and is typically integrated onto the motherboard and directly embedded in the processor or main random access memory (RAM).

 

Peripheral Device

 

A peripheral device is an internal or external device that connects directly to a computer or other digital device but does not contribute to the computer's primary function, such as computing. It helps end users access and use the functionalities of a computer.  Since it’s not a core device for the system, the computer can still function without the peripheral, which simply provides extra functions. However, some peripherals such as a mouse, keyboard, or monitor tend to be pretty much fundamental to the interaction between the user and the computer itself.  A peripheral device is also called a peripheral, computer peripheral, input-output device, or I/O device.

 

Mobile Application

 

A mobile application, most commonly referred to as an app, is a type of application software designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet computer. Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar services to those accessed on PCs. Apps are generally small, individual software units with limited function. This use of app software was originally popularized by Apple Inc. and its App Store, which offers thousands of applications for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch.  A mobile application also may be known as an app, web app, online app, iPhone app or smartphone app.

 

Physical Layer

The physical layer is the first and lowest layer of the Open System Interconnection Model (OSI Model.)  The physical layer (also known as layer 1) deals with bit-level transmission between different devices and supports electrical or mechanical interfaces connecting to the physical medium for synchronized communication. This layer plays with most of the network’s physical connections—wireless transmission, cabling, cabling standards and types, connectors and types, network interface cards, and more —as per network requirements.  The physical layer does not deal with the actual physical medium (like copper, fiber, etc.)

 

Resolution

 

Resolution is a measure used to describe the sharpness and clarity of an image or picture. It is often used as a metric for judging the quality of monitors, printers, digital images and various other hardware and software technologies.  The term is popular in the mobile industry for describing a mobile device's display capabilities, and also in the entertainment media to distinguish the visual quality of movies to distinguish between high definition and standard definition movies. It is also used to determine the resolution of a screen, monitor, or TV.  Resolution is also referred to as screen resolution.

 

Production Environment

 

Production environment is a term used mostly by developers to describe the setting where software and other products are actually put into operation for their intended uses by end users.  A production environment can be thought of as a real-time setting where programs are run and hardware setups are installed and relied on for organization or commercial daily operations.

 

Remote Direct Memory Access

 

Remote direct memory access (RDMA) is a term used in IT to describe systems that allow different networked computers to send one another data without impacting the operating system of either machine.

 

Secondary Storage Device

A secondary storage device refers to any non-volatile storage device that is internal or external to the computer. It can be any storage device beyond the primary storage that enables permanent data storage.  A secondary storage device is also known as an auxiliary storage device, backup storage device, tier 2 storage, or external storage.

 

Data Redundancy

 

Data redundancy is a condition created within a database or data storage technology in which the same piece of data is held in two separate places.  This can mean two different fields within a single database, or two different spots in multiple software environments or platforms. Whenever data is repeated, it basically constitutes data redundancy.  Data redundancy can occur by accident but is also done deliberately for backup and recovery purposes.

 

Interpreter

 

An interpreter is a computer program that is used to directly execute program instructions written using one of the many high-level programming languages. The interpreter transforms the high-level program into an intermediate language that it then executes, or it could parse the high-level source code and then performs the commands directly, which is done line by line or statement by statement.

 

Automated Treatment Plan

 

An automated treatment plan is composed of a series of electronic forms and software specifically designed to help medical professionals and health care providers in treating their patients. These forms are usually customized to meet the various needs and demands of individual practitioners particularly those who are in the behavioral health care practices.

 

Patient data is usually captured and stored for further retrieval and report generation with relation to their corresponding medical treatment plans. An IT professional is usually needed to assist in the process of developing the automated treatment plan. On most cases, vendors and OEMs are hired to implement automated treatment plans for organizations that do not have their own IT staff.

 

Storage Device

 

A storage device is any type of computing hardware that is used for storing, porting or extracting data files and objects. Storage devices can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently. They may be internal or external to a computer, server or computing device.  A storage device may also be known as a storage medium or storage media depending on whether it is seen as discrete in nature (for example, “a hard drive” versus “some hard drive space.”)

 

Cybercrime

In general, cybercrime is defined as either a crime involving computing against a digital target or a crime in which a computing system is used to commit criminal offenses.  As a broad category of crime, cybercrime includes such disparate sorts of activities as illegal access of data, use of computer communications to commit fraud, or the ransoming of systems via digital means.  Cybercrime may also be referred to as computer crime.

 

Client/Server Architecture

 

Client/server architecture is a computing model in which multiple components work in strictly defined roles to communicate. The server hosts, delivers and manages most of the resources and services to be consumed by the client. This type of shared resources architecture has one or more client computers connected to a central server over a network or internet connection.

 

Client/server architecture is also known as a networking computing model or client/server network because all the requests and services are delivered over a network. It’s considered a form of distributed computing system because the components are doing their work independently of one another.

 

Query

A query is a request for data or information from a database table or combination of tables. This data may be generated as results returned by Structured Query Language (SQL) or as pictorials, graphs or complex results, e.g., trend analyses from data-mining tools.  One of several different query languages may be used to perform a range of simple to complex database queries. SQL, the most well-known and widely-used query language, is familiar to most database administrators (DBAs).

 

Normalization

 

Normalization is the process of reorganizing data in a database so that it meets two basic requirements:  There is no redundancy of data, all data is stored in only one place.  Data dependencies are logical,all related data items are stored together.  Normalization is important for many reasons, but chiefly because it allows databases to take up as little disk space as possible, resulting in increased performance.  Normalization is also known as data normalization.

 

Data Dictionary

A data dictionary is a file or a set of files that contains a database's metadata. The data dictionary contains records about other objects in the database, such as data ownership, data relationships to other objects, and other data.  The data dictionary is a crucial component of any relational database. It provides additional information about relationships between different database tables, helps to organize data in a neat and easily searchable way, and prevents data redundancy issues.  Ironically, because of its importance, it is invisible to most database users. Typically, only database administrators interact with the data dictionary.   A data dictionary is also called a metadata repository.

 

Network

 

A network, in computing, is a group of two or more devices or nodes that can communicate. The devices or nodes in question can be connected by physical or wireless connections. The key is that there are at least two separate components, and they are connected.

 

The scale of a network can range from a single pair of devices or nodes sending data back and forth, to massive data centers and even the global Internet, the largest network in existence. What all of these networks have in common, from the smallest ones to the largest, is that they allow computers and/or users to share information and resources. Networks may be used for:

 

Communications such as email, instant messaging, chat rooms, etc. Shared hardware such as printers and input devices. Shared data and information through the use of shared storage devices. Shared software, which is achieved by running applications on remote computers.

 

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

 

A software development life cycle (SDLC) model is a conceptual framework describing all activities in a software development project from planning to maintenance. This process is associated with several models, each including a variety of tasks and activities.  Software development is a cumbersome activity requiring proper identification of requirements, their implementation, and software deployment. However, the activities do not end there. After the distribution of the software, proper maintenance has to be provided in a timely manner.  This term is also known as the software development process model.

 

C++ Programming Language

C++ is an object oriented computer language created by notable computer scientist Bjorne Stroustrop as part of the evolution of the C family of languages.   Some call C++ “C with classes” because it introduces object oriented programming principles, including the use of defined classes, to the C programming language framework.   C++ is pronounced "see-plus-plus."

 

Business Intelligence Analyst (BI Analyst)

A business intelligence analyst works with data assets and data mining processes on the key concept of business intelligence or insights.  Over time, as technology world evolves, there's the growing mentality that data is one of a company's biggest assets, and that by utilizing certain systems and processes, companies can glean valuable business intelligence to guide decision-making and improve business process results.   A business intelligence analyst is a front-line worker in this exciting field.

 

Scripting Language

A scripting language is a language that uses a sophisticated method to bring codes to a runtime environment. In key ways, scripting languages are made for specific runtime environments, and they automate some of the code implementation.  In that sense, they are modernizations of a system that previously used compilers to interpret inputs.

 

Network Identity (Network ID)

 

A network ID, in the world of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol or TCP/IP, is the portion of the TCP/IP address which identifies the network for a given host, usually composed of three octets with dotted decimal representation.  The term “network ID” can also be applied in different ways to local network resources, for user authentication, but the classic use of the term relates to the TCP/IP address itself, how that is used to route information, and how it is used in the context of modern cybersecurity.  A