The History of England, from the Accession of James the Second - Volume 2, Thomas Babington Macaulay [best autobiographies to read .txt] 📗
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June 14., and printed from the Tanner MS.; Reresby's Memoirs.
FN 376 Reresby's Memoirs.
FN 377 Correspondence between Anne and Mary, in Dalrymple; Clarendon's Diary, Oct. 31. 1688.
FN 378 This is clear from Clarendon's Diary, Oct. 31. 1688.
FN 379 Clarke's Life of James the Second, ii. 159, 160.
FN 380 Clarendon's Diary, June 10. 1688.
FN 381 Johnstone gives in a very few words an excellent summary of the case against the King. "The generality of people conclude all is a trick; because they say the reckoning is changed, the Princess sent away, none of the Clarendon family nor the Dutch Ambassador sent for, the suddenness of the thing, the sermons, the confidence of the priests, the hurry." June 13. 1688.
FN 382 Ronquillo, July 26/Aug 5. Ronquillo adds, that what Zulestein said of the state of public opinion was strictly true.
FN 383 Citters, June 12/22 1688; Luttrell's Diary, June 18.
FN 384 For the events of this day see the State Trials; Clarendon's Diary Luttrell's Diary; Citters. June 15/25 Johnstone, June 18; Revolution Politics.
FN 385 Johnstone, June 18. 1688; Evelyn's Diary, June 29.
FN 386 Tanner MS.
FN 387 This fact was communicated to me in the most obliging manner by the Reverend R. S. Hawker of Morwenstow in Cornwall.
FN 388 Johnstone, June 18. 1688.
FN 389 Adda, June 29/July 9 1688
FN 390 Sunderland's own narrative is, of course, not to be implicitly trusted, but he vouched Godolphin as a witness of what took place respecting the Irish Act of Settlement.
FN 391 Barillon June 21/June 28 June 28/July 8 1688; Adda, June 29/July 9 Citters June 26/July 6; Johnstone, July 2. 1688; The Converts, a poem.
FN 392 Clarendon's Diary, June 21. 1688.
FN 393 Citters, June 26/ July 6. 1688.
FN 394 Johnstone, July 2. 1688.
FN 395 Ibid.
FN 396 Johnstone, July 2. 1688. The editor of Levinz's reports expresses great wonder that, after the Revolution, Levinz was not replaced on the bench. The facts related by Johnstone may perhaps explain the seeming injustice.
FN 397 I draw this inference from a letter of Compton to Sancroft, dated the 12th of June.
FN 398 Revolution Politics.
FN 399 This is the expression of an eye witness. It is in a newsletter in the Mackintosh Collection.
FN 400 See the proceedings in the Collection of State Trials. I have taken some touches from Johnstone, and some from Van Citters.
FN 401 Johnstone, July 2. 1688; Letter from Mr. Ince to the Archbishop, dated at six o'clock in the morning; Tanner MS.; Revolution Politics.
FN 402 Johnstone, July 2. 1688.
FN 403 State Trials; Oldmixon, 739.; Clarendon's Diary, June 25, 1688; Johnstone, July 2.; Citters, July 3/13 Adda, July 6/16; Luttrell's Diary; Barillon, July 2/12
FN 404 Citters, July 3/13 The gravity with which he tells the story has a comic effect. "Den Bisschop van Chester, wie seer de partie van het hof houdt, om te voldoen aan syne gewoone nieusgierigheyt, hem op dien tyt in Westminster Hall mede hebbende laten vinden, in het uytgaan doorgaans was uytgekreten voor een grypende wolf in schaaps kleederen; en by synde een beer van hooge stature en vollyvig, spotsgewyse alomme geroepen was dat men voor hem plaats moeste maken, om te laten passen, gelyck ook geschiede, om dat soo sy uytschreeuwden en hem in het aansigt seyden, by den Paus in syn buyck hadde."
FN 405 Luttrell; Citters, July 3/13. 1688. "Soo syn in tegendeel gedagte jurys met de uyterste acclamatie en alle teyckenen van genegenheyt en danckbaarheyt in het door passeren van de gemeente ontvangen. Honderden vielen haar om den hals met alle bedenckelycke wewensch van segen en geluck over hare persoonen en familien, om dat sy haar so heusch en eerlyck buyten verwagtinge als het ware in desen gedragen hadden. Veele van de grooten en kleynen adel wierpen in het wegryden handen vol gelt onder tie armen luyden, om op de gesontheyt van den Coning, der Heeren Prelaten, en de Jurys te drincken."
FN 406 "Mi trovava con Milord Sunderland la stessa mattina, quando venne l'Avvocato Generale a rendergli conto del successo, e disse, che mai piu a memoria d'huomini si era sentito un applauso, mescolato di voci e lagrime di giubilo, egual a quello che veniva egli di vedere in quest' occasione." Adda, July 6/16. 1688.
FN 407 Burnet, i. 744.; Citters, July 3/13 1688.
FN 408 See a very curious narrative published among other papers, in 1710, by Danby, then Duke of Leeds. There is an amusing account of the ceremony of burning a Pope in North's Examen, 570. See also the note on the Epilogue to the Tragedy of Oedipus in Scott's edition of Dryden.
FN 409 Reresby's Memoirs; Citters, 3/13 July 17. 1688; Adda 6/16 July; Barillon, July 2/12 Luttrell's Diary; Newsletter of July 4.; Oldmixon, 739.; Ellis Correspondence.
FN 410 The Fur Praedestinatus.
FN 411 This document will be found in the first of the twelve collections of papers relating to the affairs of England, printed at the end of 1688 and the beginning of 1689. It was put forth on the 26th of July, not quite a month after the trial. Lloyd of Saint Asaph about the same time told Henry Wharton that the Bishops purposed to adopt an entirely new policy towards the Protestant Dissenters; "Omni modo curaturos ut ecelesia sordibus et corruptelis penitus exueretur; ut sectariis reformatis reditus in ecclesiae sinum exoptati occasio ac ratio concederetur, si qui sobrii et pii essent; ut pertinacibus interim jugum le aretur, extinctis penitus legibus mulciatoriis."-Excerpta ex Vita H. Wharton.
FN 412 This change in the opinion of a section of the Tory party is well illustrated by a little tract published at the beginning of 1689, and entitled "A Dialogue between Two Friends, wherein the Church of England is vindicated in joining with the Prince of Orange."
FN 413 "Aut nunc, aut nunquam."-Witsen MS. quoted by Wagenaar, book lx.
FN 414 Burnet, i. 763.
FN 415 Sidney's Diary and Correspondence, edited by Mr. Blencowe; Mackay's Memoirs with Swift's note; Burnet, i. 763.
FN 416 Burnet, i. 764.; Letter in cipher to William, dated June 18. 1688, in Dalrymple.
FN 417 Burnet, i. 764.; Letter in cipher to William, dated June 18 1688.
FN 418 As to Montaigne, see Halifax's Letter to Cotton. I am not sure that the head of Halifax in Westminster Abbey does not give a more lively notion of him than any painting or engraving that I have seen.
FN 419 See Danby's Introduction to the papers which he published in 1710; Burnet, i. 764.
FN 420 Burnet, i. 764.; Sidney to the Prince of Orange, June 30. 1688, in Dalrymple.
FN 421 Burnet, i. 763.; Lumley to William, May 31. 1688, in Dalrymple.
FN 422 See the invitation at length in Dalrymple.
FN 423 Sidney's Letter to William, June 30. 1688; Avaux Neg., July 10/20 12/22
FN 424 Bonrepaux, July 18/28 1687.
FN 425 Birch's Extracts, in the British Museum.
FN 426 Avaux Neg., Oct 29/Nov 9 1683
FN 427 As to the relation in which the Stadtholder and the city of Amsterdam stood towards each other, see Avaux, passim.
FN 428 Adda, July 6/16 1688.
FN 429 Reresby's Memoirs.
FN 430 Barillon, July 2/12 1688.
FN 431 London Gazette of July 16. 1688. The order bears date July 12.
FN 432 Barillon's own phrase, July 6/16 1688.
FN 433 In one of the numerous ballads of that time are the following lines: "Both our Britons are fooled, Who the laws overruled, And next parliament each will he plaguily schooled."
The two Britons are Jeffreys and Williams, who were both natives of Wales.
FN 434 London Gazette, July 9. 1688.
FN 435 Ellis Correspondence, July 10. 1688; Clarendon's Diary, Aug. 3. 1688.
FN 436 London Gazette, July 9. 1688; Adda, July 13/23 Evelyn's Diary, July 12. Johnstone, Dec. 8/18 1687, Feb. 6/16 1688.
FN 437 Sprat's Letters to the Earl of Dorset; London Gazette, Aug. 23. 1688.
FN 438 London Gazette, July 26. 1688; Adda, Ju1y 27/Aug 6.; Newsletter in the Mackintosh Collection, July 25. Ellis Correspondence, July 28. 31; Wood's Fasti Oxonienses.
FN 439 Wood's Athenae Oxonienses; Luttrell's Diary, Aug. 23. 1688.
FN 440 Ronquillo, Sept. 17/27 1688; Luttrell's Diary, Sept. 6.
FN 441 Ellis Correspondence, August 4. 7. 1688; Bishop Sprat's relation of the Conference of Nov. 6. 1688.
FN 442 Luttrell's Diary, Aug. 8. 1688.
FN 443 This is told us by three writers who could well remember that time, Kennet, Eachard, and Oldmixon. See also the Caveat against the Whigs.
FN 444 Barillon, Aug 24/Sept 1 1688; Sept. 3/13 6/16 8/18
FN 445 Luttrell's Diary, Aug. 27. 1688.
FN 446 King's State of the Protestants of Ireland; Secret Consults of the Romish Party in Ireland.
FN 447 Secret Consults of he Romish Party in Ireland.
FN 448 History of the Desertion, 1689; compare the first and second editions; Barillon, Sept. 8/18 1688; Citters of the same date; Clarke's Life of James the Second, ii. 168. The compiler of the last mentioned work says that Churchill moved the court to sentence the six officers to death. This story does not appear to have been taken from the King's papers; I therefore regard it as one of the thousand fictions invented at Saint Germains for the purpose of blackening a character which was black enough without such daubing. That Churchill may have affected great indignation on this occasion, in order to hide the treason which he meditated, is highly probable. But it is impossible to believe that a man of his sense would have urged the members of a council of war to inflict a punishment which was notoriously beyond their competence.
FN 449 The song of Lillibullero is among the State Poems, to Percy's Relics the first part will be found, but not the second part, which was added after William's landing. In the Examiner and in several pamphlets of 1712 Wharton is mentioned as the author.
FN 450 See the Negotiations of the Count of Avaux. It would be almost impossible for me to cite all the passages which have furnished me with materials for this part of my narrative. The most important will be found under the following dates: 1685, Sept. 20, Sept. 24, Oct. 5, Dec. 20; 1686, Jan. 3, Nov. 22; 1687, Oct. 2, Nov. 6, Nov. 19 1688, July 29, Aug. 20. Lord Lonsdale, in his Memoirs, justly remarks that, but for the mismanagement of Lewis, the city of Amsterdam would have prevented the Revolution.
FN 451 Professor Von Ranke, Die Romischen Papste, book viii.; Burnet, i. 759.
FN 452 Burnet, i. 758.; Lewis paper bears date Aug 27/Sept 6 1688. It will be found in the Recueil des Traites, vol. iv. no. 219.
FN 453 For the consummate dexterity with which he exhibited two different views of his policy to two different parties he was afterwards bitterly reviled by the Court of Saint Germains. "Licet Foederatis publicus ille preado haud aliud aperte proponat nisi ut Galici imperii exuberans amputetur potesias, veruntamen sibi et suis ex haeretica faece complicibus, ut pro comperto habemus, longe aliud promittit, nempe ut, exciso vel enervato Francorum regno, ubi Catholicarum partium summum jam robur situm est, haeretica ipsorum pravitas per orbem Christisnum universum praevaleat."-Letter of James to the Pope; evidently written in 1689.
FN 454 Avaux Neg., Aug. 2/12 10/20 11/21 14/24 16/26 17/27 Aug 23/Sept 2 1688.
FN 455 Ibid., Sept. 4/14 1688.
FN 456 Burnet, i.
FN 376 Reresby's Memoirs.
FN 377 Correspondence between Anne and Mary, in Dalrymple; Clarendon's Diary, Oct. 31. 1688.
FN 378 This is clear from Clarendon's Diary, Oct. 31. 1688.
FN 379 Clarke's Life of James the Second, ii. 159, 160.
FN 380 Clarendon's Diary, June 10. 1688.
FN 381 Johnstone gives in a very few words an excellent summary of the case against the King. "The generality of people conclude all is a trick; because they say the reckoning is changed, the Princess sent away, none of the Clarendon family nor the Dutch Ambassador sent for, the suddenness of the thing, the sermons, the confidence of the priests, the hurry." June 13. 1688.
FN 382 Ronquillo, July 26/Aug 5. Ronquillo adds, that what Zulestein said of the state of public opinion was strictly true.
FN 383 Citters, June 12/22 1688; Luttrell's Diary, June 18.
FN 384 For the events of this day see the State Trials; Clarendon's Diary Luttrell's Diary; Citters. June 15/25 Johnstone, June 18; Revolution Politics.
FN 385 Johnstone, June 18. 1688; Evelyn's Diary, June 29.
FN 386 Tanner MS.
FN 387 This fact was communicated to me in the most obliging manner by the Reverend R. S. Hawker of Morwenstow in Cornwall.
FN 388 Johnstone, June 18. 1688.
FN 389 Adda, June 29/July 9 1688
FN 390 Sunderland's own narrative is, of course, not to be implicitly trusted, but he vouched Godolphin as a witness of what took place respecting the Irish Act of Settlement.
FN 391 Barillon June 21/June 28 June 28/July 8 1688; Adda, June 29/July 9 Citters June 26/July 6; Johnstone, July 2. 1688; The Converts, a poem.
FN 392 Clarendon's Diary, June 21. 1688.
FN 393 Citters, June 26/ July 6. 1688.
FN 394 Johnstone, July 2. 1688.
FN 395 Ibid.
FN 396 Johnstone, July 2. 1688. The editor of Levinz's reports expresses great wonder that, after the Revolution, Levinz was not replaced on the bench. The facts related by Johnstone may perhaps explain the seeming injustice.
FN 397 I draw this inference from a letter of Compton to Sancroft, dated the 12th of June.
FN 398 Revolution Politics.
FN 399 This is the expression of an eye witness. It is in a newsletter in the Mackintosh Collection.
FN 400 See the proceedings in the Collection of State Trials. I have taken some touches from Johnstone, and some from Van Citters.
FN 401 Johnstone, July 2. 1688; Letter from Mr. Ince to the Archbishop, dated at six o'clock in the morning; Tanner MS.; Revolution Politics.
FN 402 Johnstone, July 2. 1688.
FN 403 State Trials; Oldmixon, 739.; Clarendon's Diary, June 25, 1688; Johnstone, July 2.; Citters, July 3/13 Adda, July 6/16; Luttrell's Diary; Barillon, July 2/12
FN 404 Citters, July 3/13 The gravity with which he tells the story has a comic effect. "Den Bisschop van Chester, wie seer de partie van het hof houdt, om te voldoen aan syne gewoone nieusgierigheyt, hem op dien tyt in Westminster Hall mede hebbende laten vinden, in het uytgaan doorgaans was uytgekreten voor een grypende wolf in schaaps kleederen; en by synde een beer van hooge stature en vollyvig, spotsgewyse alomme geroepen was dat men voor hem plaats moeste maken, om te laten passen, gelyck ook geschiede, om dat soo sy uytschreeuwden en hem in het aansigt seyden, by den Paus in syn buyck hadde."
FN 405 Luttrell; Citters, July 3/13. 1688. "Soo syn in tegendeel gedagte jurys met de uyterste acclamatie en alle teyckenen van genegenheyt en danckbaarheyt in het door passeren van de gemeente ontvangen. Honderden vielen haar om den hals met alle bedenckelycke wewensch van segen en geluck over hare persoonen en familien, om dat sy haar so heusch en eerlyck buyten verwagtinge als het ware in desen gedragen hadden. Veele van de grooten en kleynen adel wierpen in het wegryden handen vol gelt onder tie armen luyden, om op de gesontheyt van den Coning, der Heeren Prelaten, en de Jurys te drincken."
FN 406 "Mi trovava con Milord Sunderland la stessa mattina, quando venne l'Avvocato Generale a rendergli conto del successo, e disse, che mai piu a memoria d'huomini si era sentito un applauso, mescolato di voci e lagrime di giubilo, egual a quello che veniva egli di vedere in quest' occasione." Adda, July 6/16. 1688.
FN 407 Burnet, i. 744.; Citters, July 3/13 1688.
FN 408 See a very curious narrative published among other papers, in 1710, by Danby, then Duke of Leeds. There is an amusing account of the ceremony of burning a Pope in North's Examen, 570. See also the note on the Epilogue to the Tragedy of Oedipus in Scott's edition of Dryden.
FN 409 Reresby's Memoirs; Citters, 3/13 July 17. 1688; Adda 6/16 July; Barillon, July 2/12 Luttrell's Diary; Newsletter of July 4.; Oldmixon, 739.; Ellis Correspondence.
FN 410 The Fur Praedestinatus.
FN 411 This document will be found in the first of the twelve collections of papers relating to the affairs of England, printed at the end of 1688 and the beginning of 1689. It was put forth on the 26th of July, not quite a month after the trial. Lloyd of Saint Asaph about the same time told Henry Wharton that the Bishops purposed to adopt an entirely new policy towards the Protestant Dissenters; "Omni modo curaturos ut ecelesia sordibus et corruptelis penitus exueretur; ut sectariis reformatis reditus in ecclesiae sinum exoptati occasio ac ratio concederetur, si qui sobrii et pii essent; ut pertinacibus interim jugum le aretur, extinctis penitus legibus mulciatoriis."-Excerpta ex Vita H. Wharton.
FN 412 This change in the opinion of a section of the Tory party is well illustrated by a little tract published at the beginning of 1689, and entitled "A Dialogue between Two Friends, wherein the Church of England is vindicated in joining with the Prince of Orange."
FN 413 "Aut nunc, aut nunquam."-Witsen MS. quoted by Wagenaar, book lx.
FN 414 Burnet, i. 763.
FN 415 Sidney's Diary and Correspondence, edited by Mr. Blencowe; Mackay's Memoirs with Swift's note; Burnet, i. 763.
FN 416 Burnet, i. 764.; Letter in cipher to William, dated June 18. 1688, in Dalrymple.
FN 417 Burnet, i. 764.; Letter in cipher to William, dated June 18 1688.
FN 418 As to Montaigne, see Halifax's Letter to Cotton. I am not sure that the head of Halifax in Westminster Abbey does not give a more lively notion of him than any painting or engraving that I have seen.
FN 419 See Danby's Introduction to the papers which he published in 1710; Burnet, i. 764.
FN 420 Burnet, i. 764.; Sidney to the Prince of Orange, June 30. 1688, in Dalrymple.
FN 421 Burnet, i. 763.; Lumley to William, May 31. 1688, in Dalrymple.
FN 422 See the invitation at length in Dalrymple.
FN 423 Sidney's Letter to William, June 30. 1688; Avaux Neg., July 10/20 12/22
FN 424 Bonrepaux, July 18/28 1687.
FN 425 Birch's Extracts, in the British Museum.
FN 426 Avaux Neg., Oct 29/Nov 9 1683
FN 427 As to the relation in which the Stadtholder and the city of Amsterdam stood towards each other, see Avaux, passim.
FN 428 Adda, July 6/16 1688.
FN 429 Reresby's Memoirs.
FN 430 Barillon, July 2/12 1688.
FN 431 London Gazette of July 16. 1688. The order bears date July 12.
FN 432 Barillon's own phrase, July 6/16 1688.
FN 433 In one of the numerous ballads of that time are the following lines: "Both our Britons are fooled, Who the laws overruled, And next parliament each will he plaguily schooled."
The two Britons are Jeffreys and Williams, who were both natives of Wales.
FN 434 London Gazette, July 9. 1688.
FN 435 Ellis Correspondence, July 10. 1688; Clarendon's Diary, Aug. 3. 1688.
FN 436 London Gazette, July 9. 1688; Adda, July 13/23 Evelyn's Diary, July 12. Johnstone, Dec. 8/18 1687, Feb. 6/16 1688.
FN 437 Sprat's Letters to the Earl of Dorset; London Gazette, Aug. 23. 1688.
FN 438 London Gazette, July 26. 1688; Adda, Ju1y 27/Aug 6.; Newsletter in the Mackintosh Collection, July 25. Ellis Correspondence, July 28. 31; Wood's Fasti Oxonienses.
FN 439 Wood's Athenae Oxonienses; Luttrell's Diary, Aug. 23. 1688.
FN 440 Ronquillo, Sept. 17/27 1688; Luttrell's Diary, Sept. 6.
FN 441 Ellis Correspondence, August 4. 7. 1688; Bishop Sprat's relation of the Conference of Nov. 6. 1688.
FN 442 Luttrell's Diary, Aug. 8. 1688.
FN 443 This is told us by three writers who could well remember that time, Kennet, Eachard, and Oldmixon. See also the Caveat against the Whigs.
FN 444 Barillon, Aug 24/Sept 1 1688; Sept. 3/13 6/16 8/18
FN 445 Luttrell's Diary, Aug. 27. 1688.
FN 446 King's State of the Protestants of Ireland; Secret Consults of the Romish Party in Ireland.
FN 447 Secret Consults of he Romish Party in Ireland.
FN 448 History of the Desertion, 1689; compare the first and second editions; Barillon, Sept. 8/18 1688; Citters of the same date; Clarke's Life of James the Second, ii. 168. The compiler of the last mentioned work says that Churchill moved the court to sentence the six officers to death. This story does not appear to have been taken from the King's papers; I therefore regard it as one of the thousand fictions invented at Saint Germains for the purpose of blackening a character which was black enough without such daubing. That Churchill may have affected great indignation on this occasion, in order to hide the treason which he meditated, is highly probable. But it is impossible to believe that a man of his sense would have urged the members of a council of war to inflict a punishment which was notoriously beyond their competence.
FN 449 The song of Lillibullero is among the State Poems, to Percy's Relics the first part will be found, but not the second part, which was added after William's landing. In the Examiner and in several pamphlets of 1712 Wharton is mentioned as the author.
FN 450 See the Negotiations of the Count of Avaux. It would be almost impossible for me to cite all the passages which have furnished me with materials for this part of my narrative. The most important will be found under the following dates: 1685, Sept. 20, Sept. 24, Oct. 5, Dec. 20; 1686, Jan. 3, Nov. 22; 1687, Oct. 2, Nov. 6, Nov. 19 1688, July 29, Aug. 20. Lord Lonsdale, in his Memoirs, justly remarks that, but for the mismanagement of Lewis, the city of Amsterdam would have prevented the Revolution.
FN 451 Professor Von Ranke, Die Romischen Papste, book viii.; Burnet, i. 759.
FN 452 Burnet, i. 758.; Lewis paper bears date Aug 27/Sept 6 1688. It will be found in the Recueil des Traites, vol. iv. no. 219.
FN 453 For the consummate dexterity with which he exhibited two different views of his policy to two different parties he was afterwards bitterly reviled by the Court of Saint Germains. "Licet Foederatis publicus ille preado haud aliud aperte proponat nisi ut Galici imperii exuberans amputetur potesias, veruntamen sibi et suis ex haeretica faece complicibus, ut pro comperto habemus, longe aliud promittit, nempe ut, exciso vel enervato Francorum regno, ubi Catholicarum partium summum jam robur situm est, haeretica ipsorum pravitas per orbem Christisnum universum praevaleat."-Letter of James to the Pope; evidently written in 1689.
FN 454 Avaux Neg., Aug. 2/12 10/20 11/21 14/24 16/26 17/27 Aug 23/Sept 2 1688.
FN 455 Ibid., Sept. 4/14 1688.
FN 456 Burnet, i.
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