The History of England from the Accession of James the Second - Volume 3, Thomas Babington Macaulay [best novels to read for students TXT] 📗

574 The votes were for Sawyer 165, for Finch 141, for Bennet, whom I suppose to have been a Whig, 87. At the University every voter delivers his vote in writing. One of the votes given on this occasion is in the following words, "Henricus Jenkes, ex amore justitiae, eligit virum consultissimum Robertum Sawyer."

FN 575 Van Citters to the States General, March 18/28 1690.

FN 576 It is amusing to see how absurdly foreign pamphleteers, ignorant of the real state of things in England, exaggerated the importance of John Hampden, whose name they could not spell. In a French Dialogue between William and the Ghost of Monmouth, William says, "Entre ces membres de la Chambre Basse etoit un certain homme hardy, opiniatre, et zele a l'exces pour sa creance; on l'appelle Embden, egalement dangereux par son esprit et par son credit. . . . je ne trouvay point de chemin plus court pour me delivrer de cette traverse que de casser le parlement, en convoquer un autre, et empescher que cet homme, qui me faisoit tant d'ombrages, ne fust nomme pour un des deputez au nouvel parlement." "Ainsi," says the Ghost, "cette cassation de parlement qui a fait tant de bruit, et a produit tant de raisonnemens et de speculations, n'estoit que pour exclure Embden. Mais s'il estoit si adroit et si zele, comment as-tu pu trouver le moyen de le faire exclure du nombre des deputez?" To this very sensible question the King answers, "Il m'a fallu faire d'etranges manoeuvres pour en venir a bout."-L'Ombre de Monmouth, 1690.

FN 577 "A present tout dependra d'un bon succes en Irlande; et a quoy il faut que je m'aplique entierement pour regler le mieux que je puis toutte chose. . . . je vous asseure que je n'ay pas peu sur les bras, estant aussi mal assiste que je suis."-William to Portland, Jan 28/Feb 7 1690.

FN 578 Van Citters, Feb. 14/24 1689/90; Memoir of the Earl of Chesterfield by himself; Halifax to Chesterfield, Feb. 6.; Chesterfield to Halifax, Feb 8. The editor of the letters of the second Earl of Chesterfield, not allowing for the change of style, has misplaced this correspondence by a year.

FN 579 Van Citters to the States General, Feb. 11/21 1690.

FN 580 A strange peculiarity of his constitution is mentioned in an account of him which was published a few months after his death. See the volume entitled "Lives and Characters of the most Illustrious Persons, British and Foreign, who died in the year 1712."

FN 581 Monmouth's pension and the good understanding between him and the Court are mentioned in a letter from a Jacobite agent in England, which is in the Archives of the French War Office. The date is April 8/18 1690.

FN 582 The grants of land obtained by Delamere are mentioned by Narcissus Luttrell. It appears from the Treasury Letter Book of 1690 that Delamere continued to dim the government for money after his retirement. As to his general character it would not be safe to trust the representations of satirists. But his own writings, and the admissions of the divine who preached his funeral sermon, show that his temper was not the most gentle. Clarendon remarks (Dec. 17. 1688) that a little thing sufficed to put Lord Delamere into a passion. In the poem entitled the King of Hearts, Delamere is described as-

"A restless malecontent even when preferred."

His countenance furnished a subject for satire:

"His boding looks a mind distracted show; And envy sits engraved upon his brow."

FN 583 My notion of Lowther's character has been chiefly formed from two papers written by himself, one of which has been printed, though I believe not published. A copy of the other is among the Mackintosh MSS. Something I have taken from contemporary satires. That Lowther was too ready to expose his life in private encounters is sufficiently proved by the fact that, when he was First Lord of the Treasury, he accepted a challenge from a custom house officer whom he had dismissed. There was a duel; and Lowther was severely wounded. This event is mentioned in Luttrell's Diary, April 1690.

FN 584 Burnet, ii. 76

FN 585 Roger North's Life of Guildford.

FN 586 Till some years after this time the First Lord of the Treasury was always the man of highest rank at the Board. Thus Monmouth, Delamere and Godolphin took their places according to the order of precedence in which they stood as peers.

FN 587 The dedication, however, was thought too laudatory. "The only thing," Mr. Pope used to say, "he could never forgive his philosophic master was the dedication to the Essay."-Ruffhead's Life of Pope.

FN 588 Van Citters to the States General April 25/May 5, 1690. Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Treasury Letter Book, Feb. 4. 1689/90

FN 589 The Dialogue between a Lord Lieutenant and one of his Deputies will not be found in the collection of Warrington's writings which was published in 1694, under the sanction, as it should seem, of his family.

FN 590 Van Citters, to the States General, March 18/28 April 4/14 1690; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Burnet, ii. 72.; The Triennial Mayor, or the Rapparees, a Poem, 1691. The poet says of one of the new civic functionaries:

"Soon his pretence to conscience we can rout, And in a bloody jury find him out, Where noble Publius worried was with rogues."

FN 591 Treasury Minute Book, Feb. 5. 1689/90

FN 592 Van Citters, Feb. 11/21 Mar. 14/24 Mar. 18/28 1690.

FN 593 Van Citters, March 14/24 1690. The sermon is extant. It was preached at Bow Church before the Court of Aldermen.

FN 594 Welwood's Mercurius Reformatus, Feb. 12. 1690.

FN 595 Commons' Journals, March 20, 21, 22. 1689/89

FN 596 Commons Journals, March 28. 1690, and March 1. and March 20. 1688/9

FN 597 Grey's Debates, March 27. and 28 1690.

FN 598 Commons' Journals, Mar. 28. 1690. A very clear and exact account of the way in which the revenue was settled was sent by Van Citters to the States General, April 7/17 1690.

FN 599 Burnet, ii. 43.

FN 600 In a contemporary lampoon are these lines:

"Oh, happy couple! In their life There does appear no sign of strife. They do agree so in the main, To sacrifice their souls for gain."

The Female Nine, 1690.

FN 601 Swift mentions the deficiency of hospitality and magnificence in her household. Journal to Stella, August 8. 1711.

FN 602 Duchess of Marlborough's Vindication. But the Duchess was so abandoned a liar, that it is impossible to believe a word that she says, except when she accuses herself.

FN 603 See the Female Nine.

FN 604 The Duchess of Marlborough's Vindication. With that habitual inaccuracy, which, even when she has no motive for lying, makes it necessary to read every word written by her with suspicion, she creates Shrewsbury a Duke, and represents herself as calling him "Your Grace." He was not made a Duke till 1694.

FN 605 Commons' Journals, December 17 and 18 1689.

FN 606 Vindication of the Duchess of Marlborough.

FN 607 Van Citters, April 8/18 1690.

FN 608 Van Citters, April 8/18 Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.

FN 609 Lords' Journals, April 8. and 10 1690; Burnet, ii. 41.

FN 610 Van Citters, April 25/May 5 1690.

FN 611 Commons' Journals, April 8. and 9. 1690; Grey's Debates; Burnet, ii. 42. Van Citters, writing on the 8th, mentions that a great struggle in the Lower House was expected.

FN 612 Commons' Journals, April 24. 1690; Grey's Debates.

FN 613 Commons' Journals, April 24, 25, and 26; Grey's Debates; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary. Narcissus is unusually angry. He calls the bill "a perfect trick of the fanatics to turn out the Bishops and most of the Church of England Clergy." In a Whig pasquinade entitled "A speech intended to have been spoken on the Triennial Bill, on Jan. 28. 1692/3 the King is said to have "browbeaten the Abjuration Bill."

FN 614 Lords' Journals, May 1. 1690. This bill is among the Archives of the House of Lords. Burnet confounds it with the bill which the Commons had rejected in the preceding week. Ralph, who saw that Burnet had committed a blunder, but did not see what the blunder was, has, in trying to correct it, added several blunders of his own; and the Oxford editor of Burnet has been misled by Ralph.

FN 615 Lords' Journals, May 2. and 3. 1690; Van Citters, May 2.; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Burnet, ii. 44.; and Lord Dartmouth's note. The changes made by the Committee may be seen on the bill in the Archives of the House of Lords.

FN 616 These distinctions were much discussed at the time. Van Citters, May 20/30 1690.

FN 617 Stat. 2 W.&M. sess. 1. C. 10.

FN 618 Roger North was one of the many malecontents who were never tired of harping on this string.

FN 619 Stat. 2 W.&M. sess. 1. c. 6.; Grey's Debates, April 29., May 1. 5, 6, 7. 1690.

FN 620 Story's Impartial History; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.

FN 621 Avaux, Jan. 15/25 1690.

FN 622 Macariae Excidium. This most curious work has been recently edited with great care and diligence by Mr. O'Callaghan. I owe so much to his learning and industry that I most readily excuse the national partiality which sometimes, I cannot but think, perverts his judgment. When I quote the Macariae Excidium, I always quote the Latin text. The English version is, I am convinced, merely a translation from the Latin, and a very careless and imperfect translation.

FN 623 Avaux, Nov. 14/24 1689.

FN 624 Louvois writes to Avaux, Dec 26/Jan 5 1689/90. "Comme le Roy a veu par vos lettres que le Roy d'Angleterre craignoit de manquer de cuivre pour faire de la monnoye, Sa Majeste a donne ordre, que l'on mist sur le bastiment qui portera cette lettre une piece de canon du calibre de deux qui est eventee, de laquelle ceux qui travaillent a la monnoye du Roy d'Angleterre pourront se servir pour continuer a faire de la monnoye."

FN 625 Louvois to Avaux, Nov. 1/11. 1689. The force sent by Lewis to Ireland appears by the lists at the French War Office to have amounted to seven thousand two hundred and ninety-one men of all ranks. At the French War Office is a letter from Marshal d'Estrees who saw the four Irish regiments soon after they had landed at Brest. He describes them as "mal chausses, mal vetus, et n'ayant point d'uniforme dans leurs habits, si ce n'est qu'ils sont tous fort mauvais." A very exact account of Macarthy's breach of parole will be found in Mr. O'Callaghan's History of the Irish Brigades. I am sorry that a writer to whom I owe so much should try to vindicate conduct which, as described by himself, was in the highest degree dishonourable.

FN 626 Lauzun to Louvois. May 28/June 7 and June 1 1690, at the French War Office.

FN 627 See the later letters of Avaux.

FN 628 Avaux to Louvois, March 14/24 1690; Lauzun to Louvois March 23/April 3

FN 629 Story's Impartial History; Lauzun to Louvois, May 20/30. 1690.

FN 630 Lauzun to Louvois, May 28/June 7 1690.

FN 631 Lauzun to Louvois, April 2/12 May 10/20. 1690. La Hoguette, who held the rank of Marechal de Camp, wrote to Louvois to the same effect about the same time.

FN 632 "La Politique des Anglois a ete de tenir ces peuples cy comme des esclaves, et si bas qu'il