How to Study Architecture, Charles H. Caffin [best manga ereader .TXT] 📗

Author of   “How to Study Pictures,”   “The Story
of French Painting,” “The Story of Dutch Painting,”
“The Story of Spanish Painting,” “Appreciations
of the Drama,”   “Art for Life’s Sake,”   etc.

AN   ATTEMPT     TO   TRACE   THE   EVOLUTION   OF
ARCHITECTURE AS THE PRODUCT AND EXPRESSION
OF     SUCCESSIVE     PHASES     OF     CIVILISATION

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS




NEW YORK
DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY
1917


Copyright, 1917
By DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY, Inc.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author gratefully acknowledges the critical assistance given to him on certain points by Professor William H. Goodyear, W. Harmon Beers and William Warfield; and his indebtedness to Caroline Caffin for compiling the index and to Irving Heyl for several architectural drawings. For some of the illustrations he has put himself under obligations to the following publications, through the courtesy of the Librarian of the Metropolitan Museum of Art—“Histoire de l’Art,” by Perrot et Chipiez; “Assyrian Sculptures,” by Rev. Archibald Paterson; “Monuments Modernes de la Perse,” by Pascal Coste; “Ruins of the Palace of Diocletian at Spalato” by R. Adams, and “The Annual of the British School at Athens.”

CONTENTS Book I
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER PAGE I Preliminary Considerations 3 II Primitive Structures 13 Book II
PRE-CLASSIC PERIOD I Egyptian Civilisation 25 II Egyptian Architecture 38 III Chaldæan, Assyrian and Babylonian Civilisation 56 IV Chaldæan, Assyrian and Babylonian Architecture 65 V Persian Civilisation 74 VI Persian Architecture 80 VII Minoan or Ægean Civilisation 88 VIII Minoan or Ægean Architecture 95 Book III
CLASSIC PERIOD I Hellenic Civilisation 105 II Hellenic Architecture 116 III Roman Civilisation 147 IV Roman Architecture 163 Book IV
POST-CLASSIC PERIOD I Early Christian Civilisation 187 II Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture 193 III Muhammedan, also Called Saracenic Civilisation 212 IV Muhammedan Architecture 220 V Early Mediæval Civilisation 232 VI Early Mediæval or Romanesque Architecture 241 Book V
GOTHIC PERIOD I Later Mediæval Civilisation 263 II Gothic Architecture 270 III Gothic Architecture in France 281 IV Gothic Architecture in England and Wales 287 V Gothic Architecture in Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain 301 VI Gothic Architecture in Italy 310 Book VI
THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD I Renaissance Civilisation 319 II Renaissance Architecture in Italy 338 III Renaissance Architecture in Italy—Continued 357 IV Renaissance Architecture in France 375 V Renaissance Architecture in Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain 391 VI Renaissance Architecture in England and American Colonial Architecture 410 Book VII
POST-RENAISSANCE PERIOD I Classical and Gothic Revivals 435 II The Modern Situation 454 Glossary: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Z 479 Index: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Z 497

ILLUSTRATIONS   FACING PAGE Stonehenge. Salisbury Plain, England 12 Section and Plan of Treasury of Atreus 12 Teocalli or “House of God,” at Guatusco 12 Section of Pyramid 38 Modelsof Mastabas 38 Types of Egyptian Columns 38 Temple-Tomb of Rameses II at Abou-Simbel 38 Plan of Ramesseum 38 Model of Hypostyle Hall at Karnak 39 Peripteral Sanctuary, at Philæ 39 Temple of Edfou. Entrance to Hypostyle Hall 39 Example of Carved Decoration 39 “Sargon’s Castle.” Conjectured Restoration 66 Part of “Lion Frieze” and “Frieze of Arches” 66 Details of Wall Decoration at Koyunjik 67 Tomb of Darius I, Persepolis 80 Palace of Darius I, Persepolis. Conjectured Restoration 80 Type of Persian Columns 81 Hall of One Hundred Columns, Persepolis. Conjectured Restoration 81 The Palaces of Persepolis. Conjectured Restoration 81 Wall Decoration in Palace of Cnossus 94 Lion Gateway at Mycenæ 94 Plan of Acropolis of Tiryns 94 Part of Staircase in Palace of Cnossus 95 Council Chamber, with Gypsum Throne, Palace of Cnossus 95 Some Temple Plans—Hellenic 116 Hellenic Orders (Columns and Entablatures) 116 Roman Orders (Columns and Entablatures) 116 Model of the Acropolis 116 Model of the Parthenon (restored) 116 The Parthenon 117 Temples at Pæstum 117 Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, Athens 117 Temple of Nike Apteros, Athens 117 Portico of the Caryatides, Erechtheion 117 Detail of Ornament—Hellenic 117 Statues in the Round of Persephone and Demeter from the East Pediment of the Parthenon 117 Figures in High Relief from Procession of Worshipers. Frieze of the Parthenon 117 Plan of House of Pansa, Pompeii 117 Plan of Theatre of Dramyssus 117 Roman Forum, Conjectured Restoration 162 Maison Carrée, Nîmes 162 Arch of Constantine 162 Pantheon, Rome 162 Section of the Pantheon 162 Colosseum, Rome 162 Section of Colosseum 162 Basilica of Constantine 163 Roman Vaulting; from Baths of Diocletian 163 Gothic Vaulting; from Salisbury Cathedral 163 Theatre of Orange, France. Conjectured Restoration 163 Plan of Theatre of Orange, France. Conjectured Restoration 163 Porta Aurea—Golden Gate—Palace of Diocletian 163 Pont-du-Gard, Aqueduct Near Nîmes 163 Peristyle and Court of the House of the Vettii 163 Wall Paintings in the House of the Vettii