The 2008 CIA World Factbook, United States. Central Intelligence Agency [primary phonics books .TXT] 📗

Cambodia
  general assessment: mobile-phone systems are widely used in
  urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network;
  fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons;
  mobile-cellular usage, aided by increasing competition among service
  providers, is increasing and stands at nearly 20 per 100 persons
  domestic: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh
  and other provincial cities; mobile-phone coverage is rapidly
  expanding in rural areas
  international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline
  and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and
  major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik
  (Indian Ocean region) (2007)

Cameroon
  general assessment: fixed-line connections stand at less
  than 1 per 100 persons; equipment is old and outdated, and
  connections with many parts of the country are unreliable;
  mobile-cellular usage, in part a reflection of the poor condition
  and general inadequacy of the fixed-line network, increased more
  than 6-fold between 2002 and 2007 reaching a subscribership base of
  25 per 100 persons
  domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter
  international: country code - 237; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC
  fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and
  Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)

Canada
  general assessment: excellent service provided by modern
  technology
  domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations
  international: country code - 1; submarine cables provide links to
  the US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4
  Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean, and 2 Intersputnik - Atlantic
  Ocean region) (2007)

Cape Verde
  general assessment: effective system, extensive
  modernization from 1996-2000 following partial privatization in 1995
  domestic: major service provider is Cabo Verde Telecom (CVT);
  fiber-optic ring, completed in 2001, links all islands providing
  Internet access and ISDN services; cellular service introduced in
  1998; broadband services launched in 2004
  international: country code - 238; landing point for the Atlantis-2
  fiber-optic transatlantic telephone cable that provides links to
  South America, Senegal, and Europe; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and
  Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
  (2007)

Cayman Islands
  general assessment: reasonably good system
  domestic: liberalization of telecom market in 2003; introduction of
  competition in the mobile-cellular market in 2004
  international: country code - 1-345; landing point for the MAYA-1
  submarine telephone cable network that provides links to the US and
  parts of Central and South America; submarine cable provides
  connectivity to Jamaica; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat
  (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)

Central African Republic
  general assessment: limited telephone
  service; fixed-line connections for well less than 1 per 100 persons
  coupled with mobile-cellular usage of only about 3 per 100 persons;
  most fixed-line and cellular telephone services are concentrated in
  Bangui
  domestic: network consists principally of microwave radio relay and
  low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication
  international: country code - 236; satellite earth station - 1
  Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)

Chad
  general assessment: primitive system with high costs and low
  telephone density; fixed-line connections for only about 1 per 1000
  persons coupled with mobile-cellular usage of only about 9 per 100
  persons
  domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations
  international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1
  Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)

Chile
  general assessment: privatization begun in 1988; most advanced
  telecommunications infrastructure in South America; modern system
  based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities; fixed-line
  connections have dropped in recent years as mobile-cellular usage
  continues to increase, reaching a level of 85 telephones per 100
  persons
  domestic: extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite
  system with 3 earth stations
  international: country code - 56; submarine cables provide links to
  the US and to Central and South America; satellite earth stations -
  2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)

China
  general assessment: domestic and international services are
  increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed
  domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and
  many towns; nonetheless, by the end of 2006, more than 95% of
  China's villages had been connected to the telephone network; China
  continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure, and is
  partnering with foreign providers to expand its global reach; 3 of
  China's 6 major telecommunications operators are part of an
  international consortium which, in December 2006, signed an
  agreement with Verizon Business to build the first next-generation
  fiber optic submarine cable system directly linking the US mainland
  and China
  domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular
  telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular
  subscribership is increasing rapidly; the number of Internet users
  reached 253 million in 2008; a domestic satellite system with 55
  earth stations is in place
  international: country code - 86; a number of submarine cables
  provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
  satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1
  Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat -
  Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2007)

Christmas Island
  general assessment: service provided by the
  Australian network
  domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system
  in February 2005
  international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth station - 1
  (Intelsat provides telephone and telex service) (2005)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
  general assessment: connected within
  Australia's telecommunication system; a local mobile-cellular
  network is in operation
  domestic: NA
  international: country code - 61; telephone, telex, and facsimile
  communications with Australia and elsewhere via satellite; satellite
  earth station - 1 (Intelsat) (2001)

Colombia
  general assessment: modern system in many respects;
  telecommunications sector liberalized during the 1990s; multiple
  providers of both fixed-line and mobile-cellular services;
  fixed-line connections stand at about 18 per 100 persons; mobile
  cellular usage is about 75 per 100 persons; competition among
  cellular service providers is resulting in falling local and
  international calling rates and contributing to the steep decline in
  the market share of fixed line services
  domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system; domestic
  satellite system with 41 earth stations; fiber-optic network linking
  50 cities
  international: country code - 57; submarine cables provide links to
  the US, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America;
  satellite earth stations - 10 (6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 3 fully
  digitalized international switching centers) (2007)

Comoros
  general assessment: sparse system of microwave radio relay
  and HF radiotelephone communication stations; fixed-line connections
  only about 3 per 100 persons; mobile cellular usage about 5 per 100
  persons
  domestic: HF radiotelephone communications and microwave radio relay
  international: country code - 269; HF radiotelephone communications
  to Madagascar and Reunion

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
  general assessment: inadequate;
  state-owned fixed-line operator has been unable to expand fixed-line
  connections and there are now fewer than 10,000 connections - less
  than 1 per 1000 persons; given the backdrop of a wholly inadequate
  fixed-line infrastructure, the use of cellular services has surged
  and subscribership in 2007 reached 6.6 million - 10 per 100 persons
  domestic: barely adequate wire and microwave radio relay service in
  and between urban areas; domestic satellite system with 14 earth
  stations
  international: country code - 243; satellite earth station - 1
  Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)

Congo, Republic of the
  general assessment: services barely adequate
  for government use; key exchanges are in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire,
  and Loubomo; intercity lines frequently out of order; fixed-line
  infrastructure inadequate providing less than 1 connection per 100
  persons; in the absence of an adequate fixed line infrastructure,
  mobile-cellular subscribership has surged reaching 35 per 100 persons
  domestic: primary network consists of microwave radio relay and
  coaxial cable
  international: country code - 242; satellite earth station - 1
  Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Cook Islands
  general assessment: Telecom Cook Islands offers
  international direct dialing, Internet, email, fax, and Telex
  domestic: individual islands are connected by a combination of
  satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and VHF and HF
  radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small
  exchanges connected to subscribers by open-wire, cable, and
  fiber-optic cable
  international: country code - 682; satellite earth station - 1
  Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)

Costa Rica
  general assessment: good domestic telephone service in
  terms of breadth of coverage; restricted cellular telephone service;
  state-run monopoly provider is struggling with the demand for new
  lines, resulting in long waiting times
  domestic: point-to-point and point-to-multi-point microwave,
  fiber-optic, and coaxial cable link rural areas; Internet service is
  available
  international: country code - 506; landing point for the Americas
  Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic
  telecommunications submarine cable and the MAYA-1 submarine cable
  that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the
  Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave
  System; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)

Cote d'Ivoire
  general assessment: well developed by African
  standards; telecommunications sector privatized in late 1990s and
  operational fixed-lines have more than quadrupled since that time;
  with multiple cellular service providers competing in the market,
  cellular usage has increased sharply to roughly 40 per 100 persons
  domestic: open-wire lines and microwave radio relay; 90% digitalized
  international: country code - 225; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC
  fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and
  Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1
  Indian Ocean) (2007)

Croatia
  general assessment: the telecommunications network has
  improved steadily since the mid-1990s; the number of fixed telephone
  lines holding steady at about 40 per 100 persons; the number of
  cellular telephone subscriptions exceeds the population
  domestic: more than 90 percent of local lines are digital
  international: country code - 385; digital international service is
  provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in
  the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of 2
  fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk
  line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable
  provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2007)

Cuba
  general assessment: greater investment beginning in 1994 and
  the establishment of a new Ministry of Information Technology and
  Communications in 2000 has resulted in improvements in the system;
  wireless service is expensive and must be paid in convertible pesos
  which effectively limits mobile cellular subscribership
  domestic: national fiber-optic system under development; 95% of
  switches digitized by end of 2006; fixed telephone line density
  remains low, at less than 10 per 100 inhabitants; domestic cellular
  service expanding but remains at only about 2 per 100 persons
  international: country code - 53; fiber-optic cable laid to but not
  linked to US network; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik
  (Atlantic Ocean region) (2007)

Cyprus
  general assessment: excellent in both area under government
  control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots
  domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
  international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish
  Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of
  submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide
  connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia;
  tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1
  Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1
  Arabsat)

Czech Republic
  general assessment: privatization and modernization
  of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is
  advancing steadily; access to the fixed-line telephone network
  expanded throughout the 1990s but the number of fixed line
  connections has been dropping since then; mobile telephone usage
  increased sharply beginning in the mid-1990s and the number of
  cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population
  domestic: virtually all exchanges now digital; existing copper
  subscriber systems enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
  (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals;
  trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay
  international: country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2
  Intersputnik - Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, 1 Intelsat, 1
  Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar) (2007)

Denmark
  general assessment: excellent telephone and telegraph
  services
  domestic: buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form
  trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems
  international: country code - 45; a series of fiber-optic submarine
  cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland,
  Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth
  stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat
  (Blaavand-Atlantic-East)); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark,
  Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station
  and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access

Djibouti
  general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of
  Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections
  to outlying areas of the country
  domestic: microwave radio relay network; mobile cellular coverage is
  primarily limited to the area in and around Djibouti city
  international: country code - 253; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3
  optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia, the
  Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat -
  Indian Ocean and 1 Arabsat); Medarabtel regional microwave radio
  relay telephone network (2007)

Dominica
  general assessment: NA
  domestic: fully automatic network
  international: country code - 1-767; landing point for the East
  Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13
  other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British
  Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay and SHF
  radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF
  radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia

Dominican Republic
  general assessment: relatively efficient system
  based on island-wide microwave radio relay network
  domestic: fixed telephone line density is about 10 per 100 persons;
  multiple providers of mobile cellular service with a subscribership
  of roughly 60 per 100 persons
  international: country code - 1-809; landing point for the Americas
  Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic
  telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to South and
  Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth
  station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)

Ecuador
  general assessment: generally elementary but being expanded
  domestic: fixed-line services provided by three state-owned
  enterprises; plans to transfer the state-owned operators to private
  ownership have repeatedly failed; fixed-line density stands at about
  13