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“partial miscibility,” or the ability of two substances to partially mix together. The other key variable the team discovered is the stability of the water-repellent surface.

 

Most water-repellent coatings work because their surface has a very specific geometry, often microscopic pillars. Water droplets perch on the tips of these pillars, creating air pockets underneath that deny the water a solid place to rest and cause it to roll off easily. But such surfaces tend to be fragile—slight abrasion or even the pressure of the water itself can damage them.

 

The team’s research found that a surface that’s slightly pliable can escape this pitfall—even though it seems less durable, its pliable properties enable it to bounce back from damage.

 

Tuteja estimates that the coatings will be available for use before the end of 2017 for applications including water-repellent fabrics and spray-on coatings that can be purchased directly by consumers.

 

The Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the National Science Foundation funded the work. HygraTek, a company Tuteja founded, is commercializing the discovery. HygraTek and the University of Michigan have applied for patent protection for the technology.

 

Source: University of Michigan

Nervous about college debt? You’re not the only one

  by Joan Brasher-Vanderbilt

 

Prospective college students are less willing to take out loans to pay for school than previously thought, research shows. In addition, gender, age, and race may affect the amount of “loan aversion” these prospective students feel.

 

Loan aversion, as it applies to postsecondary education, is generally defined as a person’s unwillingness to acquire debt to pay for college, even when a loan would likely offer a positive return by increasing college enrollment and success. Until now, there has been little empirical evidence showing the extent to which the phenomenon exists or how it affects different populations of students.

The research, published in AERA Open, provides the first large-scale quantitative evidence on levels of loan aversion in the United States.

 

“We find that loan aversion is widespread among potential and current college students and varies in different populations,” says Angela Boatman, who coauthored the study with Brent Evans and Adela Soliz, all assistant professors of public policy and higher education at Vanderbilt University’s Peabody College of education and human development.

 

“Understanding current and prospective students’ attitudes toward borrowing money for college has important implications for policy, including student loan borrowing and repayment options at the federal level,” Boatman adds.

 

Boatman and her collaborators surveyed a diverse sample of 6,000 people across multiple states to measure loan aversion in three different ways: general attitudes about borrowing; specific beliefs about the acceptability of borrowing for education; and choices between hypothetical financial aid packages. The sample was composed of high school seniors, community college students and adults in their 20s and 30s without a college degree.

 

More than half of the adults—59 percent—agreed with the statement that owing money in general is “basically wrong.” Thirty-two percent of the high school seniors and 22 percent of the community college students agreed.

 

Do student loans prevent new small businesses?

 

When asked about borrowing money specifically to pay for higher education, all groups were more open to borrowing, but substantial numbers still do not support borrowing money for higher education. Twenty percent of the adults said they were opposed to going into debt to pay for college tuition, compared to 22 percent of high school seniors and 9 percent of community college students.

The question of accepting financial aid packages with loans seemed to trigger fear in many of the respondents, especially high school seniors. Thirty-nine percent said they were opposed to accepting a financial aid package that included student loans, followed by 33 percent of community college students and 23 percent of adults.

 

Important differences exist across student demographic characteristics. Hispanic respondents were more likely to exhibit loan aversion than white respondents, and men were more loan-averse than women, the study finds. Ultimately, the results provide mixed messages about the complicated relationship people have with debt.

 

“We found that the three different measures of loan aversion were not highly correlated with one other,” Boatman says. “This suggests that loan aversion is a complex construct with multiple dimensions and that it varies by context.

“We need to understand this impact and look at ways to make borrowing less risky,” Boatman adds. “Increasing enrollment in forms of income-based repayment may reduce that risk. Another potential policy solution may be to rely on income share agreements instead of traditional loans to finance higher education.”

 

The Lumina Foundation provided funding for the study.

Source: Vanderbilt University

Quotes - Chapter 20.3.

“It takes a certain ingenuous faith - but I have it - to believe that people who read and reflect more likely than not come to judge things with liberality and truth.”
― A.C. Grayling, The Heart of Things: Applying Philosophy to the 21st Century

“To read is to fly: it is to soar to a point of vantage which gives a view over wide terrains of history, human variety, ideas, shared experience and the fruits of many inquiries.”
― A.C. Grayling

“Middle age has been defined as what happens when a person's broad mind and narrow waist change places.”
― A.C. Grayling, The Heart of Things: Applying Philosophy to the 21st Century


“Just as modern motorways have no room for ox-carts or wandering pedestrians, so modern society has little place for lives and ways that are too eccentric.”
― A.C. Grayling, The Meaning of Things: applying philosophy to life


“Misuse of reason might yet return the world to pre-technological night; plenty of religious zealots hunger for just such a result, and are happy to use the latest technology to effect it.”
― A.C. Grayling, The Heart of Things: Applying Philosophy to the 21st Century


“The wise say that our failure is to form habits: for habit is the mark of a stereotyped world,”
― A.C. Grayling, The Good Book: A Humanist Bible

Quotes - Chapter 20.4.

“True character is revealed in the choices a human being makes under pressure - the greater the pressure, the deeper the revelation, the truer the choice to the character's essential nature.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“A fine work of art - music, dance, painting, story - has the power to silence the chatter in the mind and lift us to another place.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“In a world of lies and liars, an honest work of art is always an act of social responsibility.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“Do research. Feed your talent. Research not only wins the war on cliche, it's the key to victory over fear and it's cousin, depression.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“If the story you're telling, is the story you're telling, you're in deep shit.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“In life two negatives don't make a positive. Double negatives turn positive only in math and formal logic. In life things just get worse and worse and worse.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“When we want mood experiences, we go to concerts or museums. When we want meaningful emotional experience, we go to the storyteller.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“No matter our talent, we all know in the midnight of our souls that 90 percent of what we do is less than our best.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“Most of life's actions are within our reach, but decisions take willpower.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“Stories are the creative conversion of life itself into a more powerful, clearer, more meaningful experience. They are the currency of human contact.”
― Robert McKee


“(...)while it's true that the unexamined life is not worth living, it's also true that the unlived life isn't worth examining.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“Story is metaphor for life and life is lived in time.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“No civilization, including Plato's, has ever been destroyed because its citizens learned too much.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“Anxious, inexperienced writers obey rules. Rebellious, unschooled writers break rules. Artists master the form.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“All writing is discipline, but screenwriting is a drill sergeant.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“We rarely know where we are going; writing is a discovery.”
― Robert McKee


“Boredom is the inner conflict we suffer when we lose desire, when we lack a lacking.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“What happens is fact, not truth. Truth is what we think about what happens.”
― Robert McKee


“Stories are the currency of human relationships.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“Politics is the name we give to the orchestration of power in any society.”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“Story isn’t a flight from reality but a vehicle that carries us on our search for reality,”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting


“You do not keep the audience's interest by giving it information, but by withholding information ....”
― Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting

 

 

 

 

 

 

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