Star Maker, Olaf Stapledon [top rated books of all time .TXT] 📗
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customs and institutions, but I must not pause to describe even the most
remarkable of them. I must be content to outline the activities of the
typical waking worlds, so as to be able to press on to tell a story not
merely of particular worlds but of our galaxy as a whole. When a waking
world had passed through the phase of radical social reconstruction, and
had attained a new equilibrium, it would settle into a period of steady
economic and cultural advancement. Mechanism, formerly a tyrant over
body and mind, but now a faithful servant, would secure for every
individual a fullness and diversity of life far beyond anything known on
earth. Radio communication and rocket travel would afford to each mind
intimate knowledge of every people. Labor-saving machinery would reduce
the work of maintaining civilization; all mind-crippling drudgery would
vanish, and the best energy of every one of the world-citizens would be
freely devoted to social service that was not unworthy of a well-grown
intelligent being. And “social service” was apt to be interpreted very
broadly. It seemed to permit many lives to be given over wholly to
freakish and irresponsible self-expression. The community could well
afford a vast amount of such wastage for the sake of the few invaluable
jewels of originality which occasionally emerged from it.
This stable and prosperous phase of the waking worlds, which we came to
call the Utopian phase, was probably the happiest of all the ages in the
life of any world. Tragedy of one sort or another there would still be,
but never widespread and futile distress. We remarked, moreover, that,
whereas in former ages tragedy had been commonly thought of in terms of
physical pain and premature death, now it was conceived more readily as
resulting from the clash and mutual yearning and mutual incompatibility
of diverse personalities; so rare had the cruder kind of disaster
become, and on the other hand so much more subtle and sensitive were the
contacts between persons. Widespread physical tragedy, the suffering and
annihilation of whole populations, such as we experience in war and
plague, were quite unknown, save in those rare cases when a whole race
was destroyed by astronomical accident, whether through loss of
atmosphere or the bursting of its planet or the plunging of its solar
system into some tract of gas or dust.
In this happy phase, then, which might last for a few centuries or for
many thousands of years, the whole energy of the world would be devoted
to perfecting the world-community and raising the caliber of the race by
cultural and by eugenical means.
Of the eugenical enterprise of these worlds I shall report little,
because much of it would be unintelligible without a minute knowledge of
the biological and biochemical nature of each of these non-human
world-populations. It is enough to say that the first task of the
eugenists was to prevent the perpetuation of inheritable disease and
malformation of body and mind. In days before the great psychological
change even this modest work had often led to serious abuses.
Governments would attempt to breed out all those characters, such as
independence of mind, which were distasteful to governments. Ignorant
enthusiasts would advocate ruthless and misguided interference in the
choice of mates. But in the more enlightened age these dangers were
recognized and avoided. Even so, the eugenical venture did often lead to
disaster. One splendid race of intelligent avians we saw reduced to the
subhuman level by an attempt to extirpate susceptibility to a virulent
mental disease. The liability to this disease happened to be genetically
linked in an indirect manner with the possibility of normal brain
development in the fifth generation. Of positive eugenical enterprises I
need only mention improvements of sensory range and acuity (chiefly in
sight and touch), the invention of new senses, improvements in memory,
in general intelligence, in temporal discrimination. These races came to
distinguish ever more minute periods of duration, and at the same time
to extend their temporal grasp so as to apprehend ever longer periods as
“now.”
Many of the worlds at first devoted much energy to this kind of
eugenical work, but later decided that, though it might afford them some
new richness of experience, it must be postponed for the sake of more
important matters. For instance, with the increasing complexity of life
it soon appeared very necessary to retard the maturing of the individual
mind, so as to enable it to assimilate its early experience’ more
thoroughly. “Before life begins,” it was said, “there should be a
lifetime of childhood.” At the same time efforts were made to prolong
maturity to three or four times its normal extent, and to reduce
senility. In every world that had gained full eugenical power there
arose sooner or later a sharp public discussion as to the most suitable
length of individual life. All were agreed that life must be prolonged;
but, while one party wished to multiply it only three or four times,
another insisted that nothing less than a hundred times the normal
life-span could afford the race that continuity and depth of experience
which all saw to be desirable. Another party even advocated
deathlessness, and a permanent race of never-aging immortals. It was
argued that the obvious danger of mental rigidity, and the cessation of
all advancement, might be avoided by contriving that the permanent
physiological state of the deathless population should be one of very
early maturity.
Different worlds found different solutions for this problem. Some races
assigned to the individual a period no longer than three hundred of our
years. Others allowed him fifty thousand. One race of Echinoderms
decided on potential immortality, but endowed themselves with an
ingenious psychological mechanism by which, if the ancient began to lose
touch with changing conditions, he could not fail to recognize the fact,
and would thereupon crave and practice I euthanasia, gladly yielding his
place to a successor of more modern type.
Many other triumphs of eugenical experiment we observed up and down the
worlds. The general level of individual intelligence was, of course,
raised far beyond the range of Homo sapiens. But also that
super-intelligence which can be attained only by a psychically unified
community was greatly developed on the highest practicable plane, that
of the conscious individuality of a whole world. This, of course, was
impossible till the social cohesion of individuals within the
world-community had become as close-knit as the integration of the
elements of a nervous system. It demanded also a very great advance of
telepathy. Further, it was not possible till the great majority of
individuals had reached a breadth of knowledge unknown on earth. The
last and most difficult power to be attained by these worlds in the
course of their Utopian phase was psychical freedom of time and space,
the limited power to observe directly, and even contribute to, events
remote from the spatio-temporal location of the observer. Throughout our
exploration we had been greatly perplexed by the fact that we, most of
whom were beings of a very humble order, should have been able to
achieve this freedom, which, as we now discovered, these highly
developed worlds found so difficult, to master. The explanation was now
given us. No such venture as ours could have been undertaken by our
unaided selves. Throughout our exploration we had unwittingly been under
the influence of a system of worlds which had attained this freedom only
after aeons of research. Not one step could we have taken without the
constant support of those brilliant Ichthyoid and Archnoid Symbiotics
who played a leading part in the history of our galaxy. They it was who
controlled our whole adventure, so that we might report our experiences
in our primitive native worlds.
The freedom of space and time, the power of cosmical exploration and of
influence by means of telepathic contact, was at once the most potent
and the most dangerous asset of the fully awakened Utopian worlds.
Through the unwise exercise of it many a glorious and single-minded race
came to disaster. Sometimes the adventuring world-mind failed to
maintain its sanity in face of the welter of misery and despair that now
flooded in upon it telepathically from all the regions of the galaxy.
Sometimes the sheer difficulty of comprehending the subtleties that were
revealed to it flung it into a mental breakdown from which there was no
recovery. Sometimes it became so enthralled by its telepathic adventures
that it lost touch with its own life upon its native planet, so that the
world-community, deprived of its guiding communal mind, fell into
disorder and decay, and the exploring mind itself died.
2. IN MUNDANE STRIFE
Of the busy Utopias which I have been describing, a few were already
established even before the birth of the Other Earth, a larger number
flourished before our own planet was formed, but many of the most
important of these worlds are temporally located in an age far future to
us, an age long after the destruction of the final human race.
Casualties among these awakened worlds are of course much less common
than among more lowly and less competent worlds. Consequently, though
fatal accidents occurred in every epoch, the number of awakened worlds
in our galaxy steadily increased as time advanced. The actual births of
planets, due to the chance encounters of mature but not aged stars,
reached (or will reach) a maximum fairly late in the history of our
galaxy, and then declined. But since the fluctuating progress of a world
from bare animality to spiritual maturity takes, on the average, several
thousands of millions of years, the maximum population of Utopian and
fully awakened worlds occurred very late, when physically the galaxy was
already somewhat past its prime. Further, though even in early epochs
the few awakened worlds did sometimes succeed in making contact with one
another, either by interstellar travel or by telepathy, it was not till
a fairly late stage of galactic history that intermundane relations came
to occupy the main attention of the wakened worlds.
Throughout the progress of a waking world there was one grave, subtle,
and easily overlooked danger. Interest might be “fixated” upon some
current plane of endeavor, so that no further advance could occur. It
may seem strange that beings whose psychological knowledge so far
surpassed the attainment of man should have been trapped in this manner.
Apparently at every stage of mental development, save the highest of
all, the mind’s growing point is tender and easily misdirected. However
this may be, it is a fact that a few rather highly developed worlds,
even with communal mentality, were disastrously perverted in a strange
manner, which I find very difficult to understand. I can only suggest
that in them, seemingly, the hunger for true community and true mental
lucidity itself became obsessive and perverse, so that the behavior of
these exalted perverts might deteriorate into something very like
tribalism and religious fanaticism. The disease would soon lead to the
stifling of all elements which seemed recalcitrant to the generally
accepted culture of the world-society. When such worlds mastered
interstellar travel, they might conceive a fanatical desire to impose
their own culture throughout the galaxy. Sometimes their zeal became so
violent that they were actually driven to wage ruthless religious wars
on all who resisted them.
Obsessions derived from one stage or another of the progress toward
Utopia and lucid consciousness, even if they did not bring violent
disaster, might at any stage side-track the waking world into futility.
Superhuman intelligence, courage, and constancy on the part of the
devoted individuals might be consecrated to misguided and unworthy world
purposes. Thus it was that, in extreme cases, even a world that remained
socially Utopian and mentally a super-individual, might pass beyond the
bounds of sanity. With a
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