Star Maker, Olaf Stapledon [top rated books of all time .TXT] 📗
- Author: Olaf Stapledon
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might do terrible harm to its neighbors.
Such tragedy did not become possible till after interplanetary and
interstellar travel had been well established. Long ago, in an early
phase of the galaxy, the number of planetary systems had been very
small, and only half a dozen worlds had attained Utopia. These were
scattered up and down the galaxy at immense distances from one another.
Each lived its life in almost complete isolation, relieved only by
precarious telepathic intercourse with its peers. In a somewhat later
but still early period, when these eldest children of the galaxy had
perfected their society and their biological nature, and were on the
threshold of super-individuality, they turned their attention to
interplanetary travel. First one and then another achieved rocket-flight
in space, and succeeded in breeding specialized populations for the
colonization of neighboring planets. In a still later epoch, the middle
period of galactic history, there were many more planetary systems than
in the earlier ages, and an increasing number of intelligent worlds were
successfully emerging from the great psychological crisis which so many
worlds never surmount. Meanwhile some of the elder “generation” of
awakened worlds were already facing the immensely difficult problems of
travel on the interstellar and not merely the interplanetary scale. This
new power inevitably changed the whole character of galactic history.
Hitherto, in spite of tentative telepathic exploration on the part of
the most awakened worlds, the life of the galaxy had been in the main
the life of a number of isolated worlds which took no effect upon one
another. With the advent of interstellar travel the many distinct themes
of the world-biographies gradually became merged in an all-embracing
drama.
Travel within a planetary system was at first carried out by
rocket-vessels propelled by normal fuels. In all the early ventures one
great difficulty had been the danger of collision with meteors. Even the
most efficient vessel, most skillfully navigated and traveling in
regions that were relatively free from these invisible and lethal
missiles, might at any moment crash and fuse. The trouble was not
overcome till means had been found to unlock the treasure of subatomic
energy. It was then possible to protect the ship by means of a far-flung
envelope of power which either diverted or exploded the meteors at a
distance. A rather similar method was with great difficulty devised to
protect the space ships and their crews from the constant and murderous
hail of cosmic radiation.
Interstellar, as opposed to interplanetary, travel was quite impossible
until the advent of subatomic power. Fortunately this source of power
was seldom gained until late in a world’s development, when mentality
was mature enough to wield this most dangerous of all physical
instruments without inevitable disaster. Disasters, however, did occur.
Several worlds were accidentally blown to pieces. In others civilization
was temporarily destroyed. Sooner or later, however, most of the minded
worlds tamed this formidable djin, and set it to work upon a titanic
scale, not only in industry, but in such great enterprises as the
alteration of planetary orbits for the improvement of climate. This
dangerous and delicate process was effected by firing a gigantic
subatomic rocket-apparatus at such times and places that the recoil
would gradually accumulate to divert the planet’s course in the desired
direction.
Actual interstellar voyaging was first effected by detaching a planet
from its natural orbit by a series of well-timed and well-placed rocket
impulsions, and thus projecting it into outer space at a speed far
greater than the normal planetary and stellar speeds. Something more
than this was necessary, since life on a sunless planet would have been
impossible. For short interstellar voyages the difficulty was sometimes
overcome by the generation of subatomic energy from the planet’s own
substance; but for longer voyages, lasting for many thousands of years,
the only method was to form a small artificial sun, and project it into
space as a blazing satellite of the living world. For this purpose an
uninhabited planet would be brought into proximity with the home planet
to form a binary system. A mechanism would then be contrived for the
controlled disintegration of the atoms of the lifeless planet, to
provide a constant source of light and heat. The two bodies, revolving
round one another, would be launched among the stars.
This delicate operation may well seem impossible. Had I space to
describe the age-long experiments and world-wrecking accidents which
preceded its achievement, perhaps the reader’s incredulity would vanish.
But I must dismiss in a few sentences whole protracted epics of
scientific adventure and personal courage. Suffice it that, before the
process was perfected, many a populous world was either cast adrift to
freeze in space, or was roasted by its own artificial sun.
The stars are so remote from one another that we measure their distances
in light years. Had the voyaging worlds traveled only at speeds
comparable with those of the stars themselves, even the shortest of
interstellar voyages would have lasted for many millions of years. But
since interstellar space offers almost no resistance to a traveling
body, and therefore momentum is not lost, it was possible for the
voyaging world, by prolonging the original rocket-impulsion for many
years, to increase its speed far beyond that of the fastest star.
Indeed, though even the early voyages by heavy natural planets were by
our standards spectacular, I shall have to tell at a later stage of
voyages by small artificial planets traveling at almost half the speed
of light. Owing to certain “relativity effects” it was impossible to
accelerate beyond this point. But even such a rate of travel made
voyages to the nearer stars well worth undertaking if any other
planetary system happened to lie within this range. It must be
remembered that a fully awakened world had no need to think in terms of
such short periods as a human lifetime. Though its individuals might
die, the minded world was in a very important sense immortal.
It was accustomed to lay its plans to cover periods of many million
years.
In early epochs of the galaxy expeditions from star to star were
difficult, and rarely successful. But at a later stage, when there were
already many thousands of worlds inhabited by intelligent races, and
hundreds that had passed the Utopian stage, a very serious situation
arose. Interstellar travel was by now extremely efficient. Immense
exploration vessels many miles in diameter, were constructed out in
space from artificial materials of extreme rigidity and lightness. These
could be projected by rocket action and with cumulative acceleration
till their speed was almost half the speed of light. Even so, the
journey from end to end of the galaxy could not be completed under two
hundred thousand years. However, there was no reason to undertake so
long a voyage. Few voyages in seach of suitable systems lasted for more
than a tenth of that time. Many were much shorter. Races that had
attained and secured a communal consciousness would not hesitate to send
out a number of such expeditions. Ultimately they might project their
planet itself across the ocean of space to settle in some remote system
recommended by the pioneers.
The problem of interstellar travel was so enthralling that it sometimes
became an obsession even to a fairly well-developed Utopian world. This
could only occur if in the constitution of that world there was
something unwholesome, some secret and unfulfilled hunger impelling the
beings. The race might then become travel-mad.
Its social organization would be refashioned and directed with Spartan
strictness to the new communal undertaking. All its members, hypnotized
by the common obsession, would gradually forget the life of intense
personal intercourse and of creative mental activity which had hitherto
been their chief concern. The whole venture of the spirit, exploring the
universe and its own nature with critical intelligence and delicate
sensibility, would gradually come to a standstill. The deepest roots of
emotion and will, which in the fully sane awakened world were securely
within the range of introspection, would become increasingly obscured.
Less and less, in such a world, could the unhappy communal mind
understand itself. More and more it pursued its phantom goal. Any
attempt to explore the galaxy telepathically was now abandoned. The
passion of physical exploration assumed the guise of a religion. The
communal mind persuaded itself that it must at all costs spread the
gospel of its own culture throughout the galaxy. Though culture itself
was vanishing, the vague idea of culture was cherished as a
justification of world-policy.
Here I must check myself, lest I give a false impression. It is
necessary to distinguish sharply between the mad worlds of comparatively
low mental development and those of almost the highest order. The
humbler kinds might become crudely obsessed by sheer mastery or sheer
travel, with its scope for courage and discipline. More tragic was the
case of those few very much more awakened worlds whose obsession was
seemingly for community itself and mental lucidity itself, and the
propagation of the kind of community and the special mode of lucidity
most admired by themselves. For then travel was but the means to
cultural and religious empire.
I have spoken as though I were confident that these formidable worlds
were indeed mad, aberrant from the line of mental and spiritual growth.
But their tragedy lay in the fact that, though to their opponents they
seemed to be either mad or at heart wicked, to themselves they appeared
superbly sane, practical, and virtuous. There were times when we
ourselves, the bewildered explorers, were almost persuaded that this was
the truth. Our intimate contact with them was such as to give us
insight, so to speak, into the inner sanity of their insanity, or the
core of rightness in their wickedness. This insanity or wickedness I
have to describe in terms of simple human craziness and vice; but in
truth it was in a sense superhuman, for it included the perversion of
faculties above the range of human sanity and virtue.
When one of these “mad” worlds encountered a sane world, it would
sincerely express the most reasonable and kindly intentions. It desired
only cultural intercourse, and perhaps economic cooperation. Little by
little it would earn the respect of the other for its sympathy, its
splendid social order, and its dynamic purpose. Each world would regard
the other as a noble, though perhaps an alien and partly
incomprehensible, instrument of the spirit. But little by little the
normal world would begin to realize that in the culture of the “mad”
world there were certain subtle and far-reaching intuitions that
appeared utterly false, ruthless, aggressive, and hostile to the spirit,
and were the dominant motives of its foreign relations. The “mad” world,
meanwhile, would regretfully come to the conclusion that the other was
after all gravely lacking in sensibility, that it was obtuse to the very
highest values and most heroic virtues, in fact that its whole life was
subtly corrupt, and must, for its own sake, be changed, or else
destroyed. Thus each world, though with lingering respect and affection,
would sadly condemn the other. But the mad world would not be content to
leave matters thus. It would at length with holy fervor attack, striving
to destroy the other’s pernicious culture, and even exterminate its
population. It is easy for me now, after the event, after the final
spiritual downfall of these mad worlds, to condemn them as perverts, but
in the early stages of their drama we were often desperately at a loss
to decide on which side sanity lay.
Several of the mad worlds succumbed to their own fool-hardiness in
navigation. Others, under the strain of age-long research, fell into
social neurosis and civil strife. A few, however, succeeded in attaining
their end, and after voyages lasting for thousands of years were able
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