English Synonyms and Antonyms, James Champlin Fernald [each kindness read aloud .TXT] 📗
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Our thoughts and our —— are our own.
Good —— are made up of petty sacrifices.
BENEVOLENCE (page 80). QUESTIONS.1. What is the original distinction between benevolence and beneficence? 2. In what sense is benevolence now most commonly used? 3. What words are commonly used for benevolence in the original sense? 4. What was the original sense of charity? the present popular sense? 5. What of humanity? generosity? liberality? philanthropy?
EXAMPLES.—— is a virtue of the heart, and not of the hands.
The secrets of life are not shown except to —— and likeness.
BIND (page 81). QUESTIONS.1. What is the distinctive sense of bind? 2. What is the special meaning of tie? 3. In how general a sense is fasten used? 4. Which of the above three words is used in a figurative sense?
EXAMPLES.—— up the knocker, say I'm sick, I'm dead.
—— all our shattered hopes and bid them bloom again.
BITTER (page 81). QUESTIONS.
1. How may acid, bitter, and acrid be distinguished? pungent? caustic? 2. In metaphorical use, how are harsh and bitter distinguished? 3. What is the special significance of caustic? 4. Give examples of these words in their various uses.
BLEACH (page 82). QUESTIONS.1. How do bleach and blanch differ from whiten? from each other?
EXAMPLES.And keep the natural ruby of your cheeks,
When mine is —— with fear.
Leave them to —— out in the open day.
[408]
BLEMISH (page 82). QUESTIONS.1. What is a blemish? 2. How does it differ from a flaw or taint? 3. What is a defect? a fault? 4. Which words of this group are naturally applied to reputation, and which to character?
EXAMPLES.A square of text that looks a little ——.
Hath told you Cæsar was ambitious:
If it were so, it was a grievous ——.
BLUFF (page 83). QUESTIONS.
1. In what sense are bluff, frank, and open used? 2. In what sense are blunt, brusk, rough, and rude employed?
EXAMPLES.There are to whom my satire seems too ——.
And ever but in times of need, at hand.
BOUNDARY (page 84). QUESTIONS.
1. What is the original sense of boundary? 2. How does it differ in usage from bound or bounds? 3. In what style and sense is bourn used? 4. What is the distinctive meaning of edge?
EXAMPLES.Parted by ——s strong, but drawing nearer and nearer,
Rushed together at last, and one was lost in the other.
Of battle.
BRAVE (page 85). QUESTIONS.
1. How does brave differ from courageous? 2. What is the special sense of adventurous? of bold? of chivalrous? 3. How do these words differ from venturesome? 4. What is especially denoted by fearless and intrepid? 5. What does valiant tell of results? 6. What ideas are combined in heroic?
EXAMPLES.A —— man is also full of faith.
In —— youth we tempt the heights of Arts.
No crime's so great as —— to excel.
[409]
BUSINESS (page 88). QUESTIONS.1. What is the distinctive meaning of barter? 2. What does business add to the meaning of barter? 3. What is occupation? Is it broader than business? 4. What is a vocation? 5. What (in the strict sense) is an avocation? 6. What is implied in profession? pursuit? 7. What is a transaction? 8. How does trade differ from commerce? 9. What is work? 10. What is an art in the industrial sense? a craft?
EXAMPLES.A man must serve his time to every ——.
We turn to dust, and all our mightiest ——s die too.
CALCULATE (page 90). QUESTIONS.1. How do you distinguish between count and calculate? compute, reckon and estimate? 2. Which is used mostly with regard to future probabilities? 3. Do we use compute or estimate of numbers exactly known? 4. Of compute, calculate, and estimate, which is used with especial reference to the future?
EXAMPLES.There were 4046 men in the district, by actual ——.
The time of the eclipse was —— to a second.
We ask them to —— approximately the cost of the building.
CALL (page 91). QUESTIONS.1. What is the distinctive meaning of call? 2. Do we ever apply bellow and roar to human sounds? 3. Can you give more than one sense of cry? 4. Are shout and scream more or less expressive than call? 5. Which of the words in this group are necessarily and which ordinarily applied to articulate utterance? Which rarely, if ever, so used?
EXAMPLES.—— for the robin redbreast and the wren.
The pioneers could hear the savages —— outside.
I —— my servant and he came.
The captain —— in a voice of thunder to the helmsman, "Put your helm hard aport!"
CALM (page 91). QUESTIONS.1. To what classes of objects or states of mind do we apply calm? collected? quiet? placid? serene? still? tranquil? 2. Do the antonyms boisterous, excited, ruffled, turbulent, and wild, also apply to the same? 3. Can you contrast calm and quiet? 4. How many of the preceding adjectives can be applied to water? 5. How does composed differ from calm?[410]
EXAMPLES.The possession of a —— conscience is an estimable blessing.
The water is said to be always —— in the ocean depths.
Fall heaven's melodious strains.
CANCEL (page 92). QUESTIONS.
1. What is the difference in method involved in the verbs cancel, efface, erase, expunge, and obliterate? 2. Which suggest the most complete removal of all trace of a writing? 3. How do the figurative uses of these words compare with the literal? 4. Is it possible to obliterate or efface that which has been previously canceled or erased?
EXAMPLES.It is practically impossible to clean a postage-stamp that has been properly —— so that it can be used again.
With the aid of a sharp penknife the blot was quickly ——.
By lapse of time and elemental action, the inscription had become completely ——.
CANDID (page 93). QUESTIONS.1. To what class of things do we apply aboveboard? candid? fair? frank? honest? sincere? transparent? 2. Can you state the similarity between artless, guileless, naive, simple, and unsophisticated? How do they differ as a class from the words above referred to? 3. How does it happen that "To be frank," or "To be candid" often precedes the utterance of something disagreeable?
EXAMPLES.The sophistry was so —— as to disgust the assembly.
A. T. Stewart relied on —— dealing as the secret of mercantile success.
An —— man will not steal or defraud.
Affecting to be unaffected.
CARE (page 94). QUESTIONS.
1. What is the special difference between care and anxiety? 2. Wherein does care differ from caution? solicitude from anxiety? watchfulness from wariness? 3. Can you give some of the senses of care? 4. Is concern as strong a term as anxiety? 5. What is circumspection? precaution? heed?
EXAMPLES.Take her up tenderly, lift her with ——.
A military commander should have as much —— as bravery.
The invaders fancied themselves so secure against attack that they had not taken the —— to station sentinels.
[411]
CARICATURE (page 95). QUESTIONS.1. What is the distinctive meaning of caricature? 2. What is the special difference between parody and travesty? between both and burlesque? 3. To what is caricature mostly confined? 4. How do mimicry and imitation differ? 5. Is an extravaganza an exaggeration?
EXAMPLES.The eagle nose of the general was magnified in every artist's ——.
His laughable reproduction of the great actor's vagaries was a clever bit of ——.
If it be not lying to say that a fox's tail is four feet long, it is certainly a huge ——.
CARRY (page 96). QUESTIONS.1. To what sort of objects do we apply bear? carry? move? take? 2. What kinds of force or power do we indicate by convey, lift, transmit, and transport? 3. What is the distinction between bring and carry? between carry and bear? 4. What does lift mean? 5. Can you give some figurative uses of carry?
EXAMPLES.The strong man can —— 1,000 pounds with apparent ease.
Napoleon always endeavored to —— the war into the enemy's territory.
It was found necessary to —— the coal overland for a distance of 500 miles.
My punishment is greater than I can ——.
CATASTROPHE (page 97). QUESTIONS.1. What is a catastrophe or cataclysm? 2. Is a catastrophe also necessarily a calamity or a disaster? 3. Which word has the broader meaning, disaster or calamity? 4. Does misfortune suggest as serious a condition as any of the foregoing? 5. How does a mishap compare with a catastrophe, a calamity, or a disaster? 6. Give some chief antonyms of the above.
EXAMPLES.War and pestilence are properly ——, while the loss of a battle may be a ——, but not a ——.
Fortune is not satisfied with inflicting one ——.
The day's —— in his morning face.
The failure of the crops of two successive years proved an irreparable —— to the emigrants.
CAUSE (page 98). QUESTIONS.1. What is the central distinction between antecedent and cause? 2. How are the words cause, condition, and occasion illustrated by the fall of an avalanche?[412] 3. And the antonyms consequence? effect? outgrowth? result? 4. What are causality and causation? 5. How are origin and source related to cause?
EXAMPLES.Where there is an effect there must be also a ——.
It is necessary to know something of the —— of a man before we can safely trust him.
The —— of the river was found to be a small lake among the hills.
What was given as the —— of the quarrel was really but the ——.
CHAGRIN (page 100). QUESTIONS.1. What feelings are combined in chagrin? 2. How do you distinguish between chagrin, disappointment, humiliation, mortification, and shame? 3. Which involves a sense of having done wrong?
EXAMPLES.The king's —— at the limitations imposed upon him was painfully manifest.
He is not wholly lost who yet can blush from ——.
Delusive, vain, and hollow.
Ah! let not hope prevail,
Lest —— follow.
CHANGE (page 100). QUESTIONS.
1. What is the distinction between change and exchange? Are they ever used as equivalent, and how? 2. Can you distinguish between modify and qualify?
EXAMPLES.The tailor offered to —— the armholes of the coat.
We requested the pianist to —— his music by introducing a few popular tunes.
We often fail to recognize the actor who —— his costume between the acts.
CHARACTER (page 102). QUESTIONS.1. How do you distinguish between character and reputation? constitution and disposition? 2. Is nature a broader word than any of the preceding? 3. If so, why?
EXAMPLES.The philanthropist's —— for charity is often a great source of annoyance to him.
Let dogs delight to bark and bite, for 'tis their —— to.
Misfortune may cause the loss of friends and reputation, yet if the man has not yielded
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