English Synonyms and Antonyms, James Champlin Fernald [each kindness read aloud .TXT] 📗
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1. To what sort of objects do we apply behold, discern, distinguish, observe, and see? 2. What do behold and distinguish suggest in addition to seeing?
EXAMPLES.With the aid of a great telescope we may —— what stars are double.
—— the upright man.
Let us minutely —— the color of the goods.
DISCOVER (page 133). QUESTIONS.1. What is the distinctive meaning of detect? discover? invent? 2. How do discover and invent differ? 3. Is detect often used in a favorable sense?
EXAMPLES.An experienced policeman acquires wonderful skill in ——ing criminals.
Newton —— the law of gravitation.
To —— a machine, one must first understand the laws of mechanics.
DISEASE (page 134). QUESTIONS.1. What was the early and general meaning of sick and sickness in English? 2. How long did that usage prevail? 3. What is the present restriction upon the use of these words in England? What words are there commonly substituted? 4. What is the prevalent usage in the United States?
EXAMPLES.—— spread in the camp and proved deadlier than the sword.
The —— was found to be contagious.
He is just recovering from a slight ——.
It is not good manners to talk of one's ——s.
DO (page 135). QUESTIONS.1. What is the most comprehensive word of this group? 2. In what sense are finish[420] and complete used, and how are they discriminated from each other? 3. How do we discriminate between fulfil, realize, effect, and execute? perform and accomplish? accomplish and complete?
EXAMPLES.A duty has been ——, a work of gratitude and affection has been ——.
It is wonderful how much can be —— by steady, plodding industry without brilliant talents.
The work is not only grand in design but it is —— with the most exquisite delicacy in every detail.
It is the duty of the legislators to make laws, of the magistrates to —— them.
Every one should labor to —— his duties faithfully, and —— the just expectations of those who have committed to him any trust.
DOCTRINE (page 136). QUESTIONS.1. To what matters do we apply the word creed? doctrine? dogma? principle? 2. Which is the more inclusive word? 3. Is dogma used favorably or unfavorably?
EXAMPLES.The —— rests either upon the authority of the Scriptures, or upon a decision of the Church.
A man may have upright ——s even while he disregards commonly received ——s.
DOUBT, v. (page 137). QUESTIONS.1. Do we apply doubt, distrust, surmise, and suspect mostly to persons and things, or to motives and intentions? 2. Is mistrust used of persons or of things? 3. Is it used, in a favorable or an unfavorable sense?
EXAMPLES.We do not —— that the earth moves around the sun.
Nearly every law of nature was by man first ——, then proved to be true.
I —— my own heart.
I —— that man from the outset.
DOUBT, n. (page 138). QUESTIONS.1. To what class of objects do we apply disbelief? doubt? hesitation? misgiving? 2. Which of these words most commonly implies an unfavorable meaning? 3. What meaning has skepticism as applied to religious matters?
EXAMPLES.We feel no —— in giving our approval.
The jury had ——s of his guilt.
We did all we could to further the enterprise, but still had our ——s as to the outcome.
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DUPLICATE (page 141). QUESTIONS.1. Can you give the distinction between a copy and a duplicate? a facsimile, and an imitation? 2. What sort of a copy is a transcript?
EXAMPLES.The —— of an organ by the violinist was perfect.
This key is a ——, and will open the lock.
The signature was merely a printed ——.
DUTY (page 142). QUESTIONS.1. Do we use duty and right of civil things? or business and obligation of moral things? 2. Does responsibility imply connection with any other person or thing?
EXAMPLES.I go because it is my ——.
We recognize a —— for the good conduct of our own children, but do we not also rest under some —— to society to exercise a good influence over the children of others?
EAGER (page 142). QUESTIONS.1. What is the distinction between eager and earnest in the nature of the feeling implied? in the objects toward which it is directed? 2. How does anxious in this acceptation differ from both eager and earnest?
EXAMPLES.My soul's in arms, and —— for the fray.
I am in ——. I will not equivocate; I will not excuse; I will not retreat a single inch; and I will be heard!
I am —— to hear of your welfare, and of the prospects of the enterprise.
EASE (page 143). QUESTIONS.1. What does ease denote, in the sense here considered? Does it apply to action or condition? 2. Is facility active or passive? readiness? 3. What does ease imply, and to what may it be limited? 4. What does facility imply? readiness? 5. To what is expertness limited?
EXAMPLES.He plays the violin with great ——, and delights an audience.
In him alone 'twas natural to please.
It is often said with equal truth that we ought to take advantage of the —— which children possess of learning.
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EDUCATION (page 143). QUESTIONS.1. What is the distinctive meaning of education? instruction? teaching? 2. How is instruction or teaching related to education? 3. How does training differ from teaching? 4. What is discipline? tuition? 5. What are breeding and nurture, and how do they differ from each other? 6. How are knowledge and learning related to education?
EXAMPLES.The true purpose of —— is to cherish and unfold the seed of immortality already sown within us.
And what to man, and what to God we owe.
—— maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.
For natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by ——; and ——s themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.
A branch of —— is often put to an improper use, for fear of its being idle.
EFFRONTERY (page 144). QUESTIONS.1. What is audacity? hardihood? 2. What special element does effrontery add to the meaning of audacity and hardihood? 3. What is impudence? shamelessness? 4. How does effrontery compare with these words? 5. What is boldness? Is it used in a favorable or an unfavorable sense?
EXAMPLES.When they saw the —— of Peter and John, and perceived that they were unlearned and ignorant men they marvelled.
That any of these bolder vices wanted
Less —— to gainsay what they did,
Than to perform it first.
I am not a little surprised at the easy —— with which political gentlemen in and out of Congress take it upon them to say that there are not a thousand men in the North who sympathize with John Brown.
EGOTISM (page 145). QUESTIONS.1. What is egoism and how does it differ from egotism? 2. What is self-assertion? self-conceit? 3. Does conceit differ from self-conceit, and how? 4. What is self-confidence? Is it worthy or unworthy? 5. Is self-assertion ever a duty? self-conceit? 6. What is vanity? How does it differ from self-confidence? from pride? 7. What is self-esteem? How does it differ from self-conceit? from self-confidence?
EXAMPLES.—— may puff a man up, but never prop him up.
—— is as ill at ease under indifference, as tenderness is under the love which it can not return.
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EMBLEM (page 146). QUESTIONS.1. From what language is emblem derived? What did it originally signify? 2. What is the derivation and primary meaning of symbol? 3. How do the two words compare as now used? 4. How does a sign suggest something other than itself? 5. Can the same thing be both an emblem and a symbol? a sign and a symbol? 6. What is a token? a figure? an image? a type?
EXAMPLES.An —— of stainless purity, ——
Of those who, keeping their garments white,
Walk on through life with steps aright.
Of nature have their —— in the mind
As flowers and fruits and falling of the leaves.
Moses, as Israel's deliverer, was a —— of Christ.
EMIGRATE (page 147). QUESTIONS.1. What is the distinctive meaning of migrate? What is its application? 2. What do emigrate and immigrate signify? To what do they apply? Can the two words be used of the same person and the same act? How?
EXAMPLES.The ship was crowded with —— mostly from Germany.
—— are pouring into the United States often at the rate of half a million a year.
EMPLOY (page 147). QUESTIONS.1. What are the distinctive senses of employ and use? Give instances. 2. What does use often imply as to materials used? 3. How does hire compare with employ?
EXAMPLES.The young man had been —— by the firm for several months and had proved faithful in every respect.
The church was then ready to —— a pastor.
What one has, one ought to ——: and whatever he does he should do with all his might.
END, v. (page 148). QUESTIONS.1. What is it to end, and what reference does end have to intention or expectation? 2. What do close, complete, conclude, and finish signify as to expectation or appropriateness? Give instances. 3. What specially distinctive sense has finish? 4. Does terminate refer to reaching an arbitrary or an appropriate end? 5. What does stop signify?
EXAMPLES.The life was suddenly ——.
The train —— long enough for the passengers to get off, then whirled on.
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END, n. (page 148). QUESTIONS.1. What is the end? 2. What is the distinctive meaning of extremity? 3. How does extremity compare with end? 4. What reference is implied in extremity? 5. What is the meaning of tip? point? How does extremity differ in use from the two latter words? 6. What is a terminus? What specific meaning has the word in modern travel? 7. What is the meaning of termination, and of what is it chiefly used? expiration? limit?
EXAMPLES.Seeing that death, a necessary —— will come when it will come.
All rejoice at the successful —— of the vast undertaking.
He that endureth to the —— shall be saved.
Do not turn back when you are just at the ——.
ENDEAVOR, v. (page 149). QUESTIONS.1. What is it to attempt? to endeavor? To what sort of exertion does endeavor especially apply? 2. How does essay differ from attempt and endeavor in its view of the results of the action? 3. What is implied in undertake? Give an instance. 4. What does strive suggest? 5. How does try compare with the other words of the group?
EXAMPLES.For to the worker God himself lends aid.
Nothing's so hard but search will find it out.
—— to enter in at the strait gate.
ENDEAVOR, n. (page 150). QUESTIONS.1. What is an effort? an exertion? Which includes the other? 2. How does attempt differ from effort? 3. What is a struggle? 4. What is an essay, and for what purpose is it made? 5. What is an endeavor, and how is it distinguished from effort? from attempt?
EXAMPLES.Youth is a blunder; manhood a ——; old age a regret.
So vast an —— required more
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