MY SCHOOL, Dr .Nilesh Gopal das Joshi [best free ebook reader for pc txt] 📗

verification of activities, records, processes and other elements of a quality system (ISO 9000, NAAC accreditation). Any failure in their proper implementation may be published publicly and may lead to a revocation of quality certification. Chapter: 19 ORGANIZING PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION ACTIVITIES IN SCHOOLS

ORGANIZING PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION ACTIVITIES IN SCHOOLS

Physical education is one of the aspects of education. “Physical education is an integral part of the total education process and has its aim in the development of physically, mentally, emotionally and socially fit citizens through the medium of physical activities which have been selected with a view to realizing these outcomes”.

“Physical education is the sum of those experiences which come to the individual through movement.”

“Physical education is that field of education which deals with big muscle activities and their related responses.”

The old concept of physical education as mere drill or series of regulated exercises has been rejected. It includes all forms of physical activities and games which promote the development of the body and mind.

There had been a tendency in various schemes of physical education in the past to emphasize only the physical fitness value of physical education and ignore its educational value. The concept of physical education has been broadened, as it should contribute not only to physical fitness, but also to physical efficiency, mental alertness and the development of certain qualities like perseverance, team spirit, leadership, obedience to rules, moderation in victory and balance in defeat.

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

According to Swami Vivekananda- “What India needs today is not the Bhagwat Gita, but the football field.”

Ryburn says - “We need in Indian education a general physical education- we need a conception of education in which physical education takes its rightful place, in which its vital importance is recognised.”

A properly directed physical education should result in health, happiness, efficiency and character.

In the words of Froebel- “If we wish to develop the whole being, we must exercise the whole human being”.

CONCEPT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

            Physical education is a very wide concept and it is a vital part of the larger process of education.  It is not correct to equate physical education with games and sports, gymnastics, mass drill, ‘yoga’, physical exercise, physical training and physical culture.  None of these terms convey the correct concept and scope of physical education.  Physical education encompasses all these programmes.

            Dealing with the concept of physical education, the secondary Education commission report says, “Physical education is an indispensable part of all health programmes.  Its various activities should be so planned as to develop the physical and mental health of the students, cultivate recreational interests and skills and promote the spirit of team work, sportsmanship and respect for others.  Physical education is, therefore, much more than mere drill or a series of regulated exercises.  It includes all forms of physical activities and games which promote the development of both the body and the mind.”

            The Education commission points out that ‘There has been a tendency in recent government schemes of physical education to emphasize only the physical fitness value of physical education and ignore its educational value.’  The concept of physical education has been made broader, as it should contribute ‘not only to physical fitness but also to physical efficiency, mental alertness and the development of certain qualities- perseverance, team spirit, leadership, obedience to rules, moderation in victory and balance in defeat.’  The commission was aware of the hard realities which one encounters while preparing programmes of physical education in schools and colleges, therefore it suggested that the programmes ‘should take into account not only what is useful but also what is possible in view of limitations facilities, time and number of teacher.’  It also emphasized the need for re-examining and re-designing the programmes of physical education in the light of certain basic principles of child growth and development.

            The term physical education includes activities like exercises, fitness as well as curative, games informal play, movement education, rhythm tic activities, sports and ‘yoga’; health oriented activities which help for the emotional, mental, physical, social and spiritual development of the individual, physical education is much more than building a healthy and strong body.

            From the views expressed above it will be obvious that physical education is not only concerned with helping the child to grow and develop physically but also learning to fit in with his social environment and adjusting to life around, acquiring the capacity to be mentally alert to all environmental responses, expressing emotions without prejudice to others and otherwise reaching his maturity progressively.

Meaning and definitions of physical education

The word physical education comprises of two words Physical and Education.  The plain dictionary meaning of physical is relating to body characteristics of a person such as physical strength, physical endurance, physical fitness, physical appearance or physical health.  The word education means the systematic instruction or training or preparation for some particular task the two words combined together stands for the systematic instruction or training related to physical activities or programme of activities necessary for development and maintenance of human body of the development of physical powers r activities for cultivating physical skills.  Physical education is a course that focuses on the developing physical fitness.  Physical education is the education of man ‘in’ and ‘by’ means of physical activity.  Physical education is the school subject by which children do physical exercises or take part in physical games and sports.

According to Charles A. Bucher, “physical education is an integral part of the total education process and has as its aim the development of physically, mentally, emotionally and socially fit citizens through the medium of physical activities which have been selected with a view to realizing these outcomes.”

According to C.C. Cowell, “physical education is the social process of change in the behaviour of the human organisms, originating primarily from the stimulus of social big-muscle-play and related activities.”

According to R.Cassidy, “Physical education is the sum of changes in the individual caused by experience which can bring in motor activity.”

According to H.C.Buck, “Physical education is that part of general education programme which is concerned with the growth, development and education of children through the medium of big muscle activities.  It is education of the whole child by means of physical activities.  It is education of the whole child by means of physical activities.  Physical activities are the tools.  They are so selected and conducted as to influence every aspect of child’s life, physically, mentally, emotionally and morally.”

Thus physical education means total growth and development through the medium of physical activities which lead to happy and useful life of an individual, as an adult member of his community.

Forms of Physical Education in Schools

A comprehensive programme of physical education is given below. It may be adjusted according to the needs, environment and levels of various schools.

In nursery Schools

In view of their peculiar situation and requirements, the following physical education activities will prove more suitable.

Rhythmic exercises like dancing, singing, acting and games. The delightful rhythm of such activities is a great source of pleasure to the youngsters. Free Play Activities like walking, running, jumping, skipping, pushing, throwing, paddling, sliding, swinging, hammering, gardening etc. Play activities like circle and line games, musical chairs race, hide and seek, touch me not, potato-race etc. Learning of alphabet and numbers through music and play.

 

In Primary School

Certain activities are expected to be more suitable at this stage:

Dancing and dramatics including folk dancing, singing, skipping to music and dramatics, running, jumping, ball throwing and catching and other games. Play and Organised games like kabaddi, kho-kho, volleyball, football, ring tennis, table tennis, scouting, girl guiding, rope jumping and other recreative games. Gymnastics like tumbling and vaulting, drill and marching exercises, easy exercises on jumping, climbing and folk dancing. These will provide motor training as well as recreation. Natural activities like running, jumping, climbing, throwing, boxing, balancing etc. These activities appeal to the natural urges of the children. Corrective exercises are introduced for posture training and for correcting physical defects. In Middle, High and Senior Secondary Schools

Certain activities will be more suitable:

Dance and music including folk dancing, classical dancing and gymnastic dancing. These activities prove useful for self-expression and neuro-muscular co-ordination. Organised Games including major games like kabaddi, hockey, football, volleyball, kho-kho, basketball, cricket etc., dual games like badminton, table-tennis, ring tennis, etc., recreative games like relays, social games etc. Sports and athletics including various types of field and track-events like running, jumping, throwing, cycling, swimming, riding, skating etc. Physical culture games like weight lifting, wrestling, boxing, yogic exercises, and mass combatives based on attack and defence. Camping and outdoor activities like hiking, picnics, excursions, mountaineering etc. Rhythmic activities including rhythm games, folk dances, social dances, community singing etc. Formal activities like marching, gymnastics, mass drill, mass P.T., etc. Special activities like ceremonial parades, demonstrations, flag salutations, singing national anthem, practical projects etc.

Programme for Physical Education

Developmental Activities:Walking, running, throwing, jumping, climbing, balancing, weight training, yogic exercises etc. Rhythmics:Rhythmic games, folk dances, singing games, social dances, community singing etc. Games, Sports and Athletics:Games such as ‘kabaddi’, kho-kho, volleyball, football, hockey, basketball, cricket etc., which are known as major games. Tennis, table tennis, badminton etc. are dual games; and relay games; social games; group games etc. which are recreational games. Sports:Cycling, riding, skating, shooting etc. Athletics: Running, jumping, throwing, walking etc. Formal Activities: Drill and marching, mass P.T. exercises etc. Apparatus: Parallel bars, roman rings, beam, vaulting, ropes etc. Combatives: Wrestling, boxing, lathi fight, dagger fight etc. Aquatics: Swimming, diving and lifesaving etc. Camping and Outdoor Activities: Hiking, cross country, camping, picnics, excursions, mountaineering etc. Special Activities: Demonstrations, ceremonial parades, flag salutations, singing the national anthem etc.

Physical Education and Health Education

Education about health is health education, whereas education of the physique is called physical education. Physical education can be called one of the aspects of health education. Physical appearance, good physique and a sound body are the responsibility of physical education

Health education employs and develops the knowledge of rules of personal hygiene and ways of healthy living. Physical education develops physical health by employing the means of games, sports, gymnastics, folk dances, classical dances etc. J. B. Nash has remarked “Health and recreation are results while physical education activities are the means”. Both health and physical education aspire for a common goal, i.e. the development of the individual or that of a group.

Methods of Imparting Health Education

Some of the important ways and means of effectively imparting health education in schools are:

Healthy School Environment:

Any scheme of health education in schools must first of all ensure a healthy school environment and surroundings. If the school environment is clean and healthy, it is a befitting basic amenity towards health education. It is necessary to make classrooms, playgrounds, passages, laboratories, workshops, lawns etc. very attractive and conducive to health. There should be suitable arrangement of clean drinking water and place for taking mid-day meals. The provision of suitable urinals and lavatories also demands attention in the interest of sanitation and health. The conditions of work and work appliances should also be suitable for developing healthy habits and healthful living. Dustbins at every suitable corner is another requisite facility.

Health Book

Each student should be asked to maintain a health book. It will contain the health record of the student. Pictures illustrating important health rules, causes, prevention and remedies of various diseases may be pasted in it. An important health rule should be pasted on the top of every page. This book will provide to the authorities