U.S.A. Copyright Law, Library of Congress. Copyright Office [reading diary TXT] 📗
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1201(a)(1)(C) by deleting "on the record." Pub. L. No. 106-113, 113
Stat. 1501, app. I at 1501A-594.
3 In 1999, section 1202 was amended by inserting "category of works"
for "category or works," in subsection (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. No. 106-44,
113 Stat. 221, 222.
4 The Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act of 1999 amended section
1203(c)(5)(B) in its entirety. Pub. L. No. 106-113, 113 Stat. 1501, app.
I at 1501A-593.
5 The Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act of 1999 amended section
1204(b) in its entirety. Pub. L. No. 106-113, 113 Stat. 1501, app. I at
1501A-593.
Chapter 13 [1]
Protection of Original Designs
Designs protected Designs not subject to protection Revisions, adaptations, and rearrangements Commencement of protection Term of protection Design notice Effect of omission of notice Exclusive rights Infringement Application for registration Benefit of earlier filing date in foreign country Oaths and acknowledgmentsExamination of application and issue or refusal of
registration
Certification of registration Publication of announcements and indexes Fees Regulations Copies of records Correction of errors in certificates Ownership and transfer Remedy for infringement Injunctions Recovery for infringement Power of court over registration Liability for action on registration fraudulently obtained Penalty for false marking Penalty for false representation Enforcement by Treasury and Postal Service Relation to design patent law Common law and other rights unaffected Administrator; Office of the Administrator No retroactive effectSection 1301. Designs protected [3]
(a) Designs Protected.
(1) In General. The designer or other owner of an original design of a
useful article which makes the article attractive or distinctive in
appearance to the purchasing or using public may secure the protection
provided by this chapter upon complying with and subject to this
chapter.
(2) Vessel Hulls. The design of a vessel hull, including a plug or mold,
is subject to protection under this chapter, notwithstanding section
1302(4).
(b) Definitions. For the purpose of this chapter, the following terms
have the following meanings:
(1) A design is "original" if it is the result of the designer's
creative endeavor that provides a distinguishable variation over prior
work pertaining to similar articles which is more than merely trivial
and has not been copied from another source.
(2) A "useful article" is a vessel hull, including a plug or mold, which
in normal use has an intrinsic utilitarian function that is not merely
to portray the appearance of the article or to convey information. An
article which normally is part of a useful article shall be deemed to be
a useful article.
(3) A "vessel" is a craft-
(A) that is designed and capable of independently steering a course on
or through water through its own means of propulsion; and
(B) that is designed and capable of carrying and transporting one or
more passengers.
(4) A "hull" is the frame or body of a vessel, including the deck of a
vessel, exclusive of masts, sails, yards, and rigging.
(5) A "plug" means a device or model used to make a mold for the purpose
of exact duplication, regardless of whether the device or model has an
intrinsic utilitarian function that is not only to portray the
appearance of the product or to convey information.
(6) A "mold" means a matrix or form in which a substance for material is
used, regardless of whether the matrix or form has an intrinsic
utilitarian function that is not only to portray the appearance of the
product or to convey information.
Section 1302. Designs not subject to protection [3]
Protection under this chapter shall not be available for a design that
is-
(1) not original;
(2) staple or commonplace, such as a standard geometric figure, a
familiar symbol, an emblem, or a motif, or another shape, pattern, or
configuration which has become standard, common, prevalent, or ordinary;
(3) different from a design excluded by paragraph (2) only in
insignificant details or in elements which are variants commonly used in
the relevant trades;
(4) dictated solely by a utilitarian function of the article that
embodies it; or
(5) embodied in a useful article that was made public by the designer or
owner in the United States or a foreign country more than 2 years before
the date of the application for registration under this chapter.
Section 1303. Revisions, adaptations, and rearrangements
Protection for a design under this chapter shall be available
notwithstanding the employment in the design of subject matter excluded
from protection under section 1302 if the design is a substantial
revision, adaptation, or rearrangement of such subject matter. Such
protection shall be independent of any subsisting protection in subject
matter employed in the design, and shall not be construed as securing
any right to subject matter excluded from protection under this chapter
or as extending any subsisting protection under this chapter.
Section 1304. Commencement of protection
The protection provided for a design under this chapter shall commence
upon the earlier of the date of publication of the registration under
section 1313(a) or the date the design is first made public as defined
by section 1310(b).
Section 1305. Term of protection
(a) In General. Subject to subsection (b), the protection provided under
this chapter for a design shall continue for a term of 10 years
beginning on the date of the commencement of protection under section
1304.
(b) Expiration. All terms of protection provided in this section shall
run to the end of the calendar year in which they would otherwise
expire.
(c) Termination of Rights. Upon expiration or termination of protection
in a particular design under this chapter, all rights under this chapter
in the design shall terminate, regardless of the number of different
articles in which the design may have been used during the term of its
protection.
Section 1306. Design notice
(a) Contents of Design Notice.
(1) Whenever any design for which protection is sought under this
chapter is made public under section 1310(b), the owner of the design
shall, subject to the provisions of section 1307, mark it or have it
marked legibly with a design notice consisting of
(A) the words "Protected Design", the abbreviation "Prot'd Des.", or the
letter "D" with a circle, or the symbol "D";
(B) the year of the date on which protection for the design commenced;
and
(C) the name of the owner, an abbreviation by which the name can be
recognized, or a generally accepted alternative designation of the
owner.
Any distinctive identification of the owner may be used for purposes of
subparagraph (C) if it has been recorded by the Administrator before the
design marked with such identification is registered.
(2) After registration, the registration number may be used instead of
the elements specified in subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (1).
(b) Location of Notice. The design notice shall be so located and
applied as to give reasonable notice of design protection while the
useful article embodying the design is passing through its normal
channels of commerce.
(c) Subsequent Removal of Notice. When the owner of a design has
complied with the provisions of this section, protection under this
chapter shall not be affected by the removal, destruction, or
obliteration by others of the design notice on an article.
Section 1307. Effect of omission of notice
(a) Actions with Notice. Except as provided in subsection (b), the
omission of the notice prescribed in section 1306 shall not cause loss
of the protection under this chapter or prevent recovery for
infringement under this chapter against any person who, after receiving
written notice of the design protection, begins an undertaking leading
to infringement under this chapter.
(b) Actions without Notice. The omission of the notice prescribed in
section 1306 shall prevent any recovery under section 1323 against a
person who began an undertaking leading to infringement under this
chapter before receiving written notice of the design protection. No
injunction shall be issued under this chapter with respect to such
undertaking unless the owner of the design reimburses that person for
any reasonable expenditure or contractual obligation in connection with
such undertaking that was incurred before receiving written notice of
the design protection, as the court in its discretion directs. The
burden of providing written notice of design protection shall be on the
owner of the design.
Section 1308. Exclusive rights
The owner of a design protected under this chapter has the exclusive
right to-
(1) make, have made, or import, for sale or for use in trade, any useful
article embodying that design; and
(2) sell or distribute for sale or for use in trade any useful article
embodying that design.
Section 1309. Infringement
(a) Acts of Infringement. Except as provided in subsection (b), it shall
be infringement of the exclusive rights in a design protected under this
chapter for any person, without the consent of the owner of the design,
within the United States and during the term of such protection, to-
(1) make, have made, or import, for sale or for use in trade, any
infringing article as defined in subsection (e); or
(2) sell or distribute for sale or for use in trade any such infringing
article.
(b) Acts of Sellers and Distributors. A seller or distributor of an
infringing article who did not make or import the article shall be
deemed to have infringed on a design protected under this chapter only
if that person-
(1) induced or acted in collusion with a manufacturer to make, or an
importer to import such article, except that merely purchasing or giving
an order to purchase such article in the ordinary course of business
shall not of itself constitute such inducement or collusion; or
(2) refused or failed, upon the request of the owner of the design, to
make a prompt and full disclosure of that person's source of such
article, and that person orders or reorders such article after receiving
notice by registered or certified mail of the protection subsisting in
the design.
(c) Acts without Knowledge. It shall not be infringement under this
section to make, have made, import, sell, or distribute, any article
embodying a design which was created without knowledge that a design was
protected under this chapter and was copied from such protected design.
(d) Acts in Ordinary Course of Business. A person who incorporates into
that person's product of manufacture an infringing article acquired from
others in the ordinary course of business, or who, without knowledge of
the protected design embodied in an infringing article, makes or
processes the infringing article for the account of another person in
the ordinary course of business, shall not be deemed to have infringed
the rights in that design under this chapter except under a condition
contained in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b). Accepting an order
or reorder from the source of the infringing article shall be deemed
ordering or reordering within the meaning of subsection (b)(2).
(e) Infringing Article Defined. As used in this section, an "infringing
article" is any article the design of which has been copied from a
design protected under this chapter, without the consent of the owner of
the protected design. An infringing article is not an illustration or
picture of a protected design in an advertisement, book, periodical,
newspaper, photograph, broadcast, motion picture, or similar medium. A
design shall not be deemed to have been copied from a protected design
if it is original and not substantially similar in appearance to a
protected design.
(f) Establishing Originality. The party to any action or proceeding
under this chapter who alleges
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