U.S.A. Copyright Law, Library of Congress. Copyright Office [reading diary TXT] 📗
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otherwise expressly provided by this Act, including provisions of the
first section of this Act. The provisions of sections 118, 304(b), and
chapter 8 of title 17, as amended by the first section of this Act, take
effect upon enactment of this Act.
Sec. 103. This Act does not provide copyright protection for any work
that goes into the public domain before January 1, 1978. The exclusive
rights, as provided by section 106 of title 17 as amended by the first
section of this Act, to reproduce a work in phonorecords and to
distribute phonorecords of the work, do not extend to any nondramatic
musical work copyrighted before July 1, 1909.
Sec. 104. All proclamations issued by the President under section 1(e)
or 9(b) of title 17 as it existed on December 31, 1977, or under
previous copyright statutes of the United States, shall continue in
force until terminated, suspended, or revised by the President.
Sec. 105. (a)(1) Section 505 of title 44 is amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 505. Sale of duplicate plates
"The Public Printer shall sell, under regulations of the Joint Committee
on Printing to persons who may apply, additional or duplicate stereotype
or electrotype plates from which a Government publication is printed, at
a price not to exceed the cost of composition, the metal, and making to
the Government, plus 10 per centum, and the full amount of the price
shall be paid when the order is filed."
(2) The item relating to section 505 in the sectional analysis at the
beginning of chapter 5 of title 44, is amended to read as follows:
"505. Sale of duplicate plates.".
(b) Section 2113 of title 44 is amended to read as follows:
[To assist the reader, section 2113 of title 44, now designated section
2117, appears in part VII of the Appendix, infra, as currently
amended.]
(c) In section 1498(b) of title 28, the phrase "section 101(b) of title
17" is amended to read "section 504(c) of title 17".
(d) Section 543(a)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended,
is amended by striking out "(other than by reason of section 2 or 6
thereof)".
(e) Section 3202(a) of title 39 is amended by striking out clause (5).
Section 3206 of title 39 is amended by deleting the words "subsections
(b) and (c)" and inserting "subsection (b)" in subsection (a), and by
deleting subsection (c). Section 3206(d) is renumbered (c).
(f) Subsection (a) of section 290(e) of title 15 is amended by deleting
the phrase "section 8" and inserting in lieu thereof the phrase "section
105". [2]
(g) Section 131 of title 2 is amended by deleting the phrase "deposit to
secure copyright," and inserting in lieu thereof the phrase "acquisition
of material under the copyright law,".
Sec. 106. In any case where, before January 1, 1978, a person has
lawfully made parts of instruments serving to reproduce mechanically a
copyrighted work under the compulsory license provisions of section 1(e)
of title 17 as it existed on December 31, 1977, such person may continue
to make and distribute such parts embodying the same mechanical
reproduction without obtaining a new compulsory license under the terms
of section 115 of title 17 as amended by the first section of this Act.
However, such parts made on or after January 1, 1978, constitute
phonorecords and are otherwise subject to the provisions of said section
115.
Sec. 107. In the case of any work in which an ad interim copyright is
subsisting or is capable of being secured on December 31, 1977, under
section 22 of title 17 as it existed on that date, copyright protection
is hereby extended to endure for the term or terms provided by section
304 of title 17 as amended by the first section of this Act.
Sec. 108. The notice provisions of sections 401 through 403 of title 17
as amended by the first section of this Act apply to all copies or
phonorecords publicly distributed on or after January 1, 1978. However,
in the case of a work published before January 1, 1978, compliance with
the notice provisions of title 17 either as it existed on December 31,
1977, or as amended by the first section of this Act, is adequate with
respect to copies publicly distributed after December 31, 1977.
Sec. 109. The registration of claims to copyright for which the required
deposit, application, and fee were received in the Copyright Office
before January 1, 1978, and the recordation of assignments of copyright
or other instruments received in the Copyright Office before January 1,
1978, shall be made in accordance with title 17 as it existed on
December 31, 1977.
Sec. 110. The demand and penalty provisions of section 14 of title 17 as
it existed on December 31, 1977, apply to any work in which copyright
has been secured by publication with notice of copyright on or before
that date, but any deposit and registration made after that date in
response to a demand under that section shall be made in accordance with
the provisions of title 17 as amended by the first section of this Act.
Sec. 111. Section 2318 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended
to read as follows:
[To assist the reader, section 2318 of title 18, as currently amended,
along with related criminal provisions, appears in part VII of the
Appendix, infra.]
Sec. 112. All causes of action that arose under title 17 before January
1, 1978, shall be governed by title 17 as it existed when the cause of
action arose.
Sec. 113. (a) The Librarian of Congress (hereinafter referred to as the
"Librarian") shall establish and maintain in the Library of Congress a
library to be known as the American Television and Radio Archives
(hereinafter referred to as the "Archives"). The purpose of the Archives
shall be to preserve a permanent record of the television and radio
programs which are the heritage of the people of the United States and
to provide access to such programs to historians and scholars without
encouraging or causing copyright infringement.
(1) The Librarian, after consultation with interested organizations and
individuals, shall determine and place in the Archives such copies and
phonorecords of television and radio programs transmitted to the public
in the United States and in other countries which are of present or
potential public or cultural interest, historical significance,
cognitive value, or otherwise worthy of preservation, including copies
and phonorecords of published and unpublished transmission programs-
(A) acquired in accordance with sections 407 and 408 of title 17 as
amended by the first section of this Act; and
(B) transferred from the existing collections of the Library of
Congress; and
(C) given to or exchanged with the Archives by other libraries,
archives, organizations, and individuals; and
(D) purchased from the owner thereof.
(2) The Librarian shall maintain and publish appropriate catalogs and
indexes of the collections of the Archives, and shall make such
collections available for study and research under the conditions
prescribed under this section.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106 of title 17 as amended
by the first section of this Act, the Librarian is authorized with
respect to a transmission program which consists of a regularly
scheduled newscast or on-the-spot coverage of news events and, under
standards and conditions that the Librarian shall prescribe by
regulation-
(1) to reproduce a fixation of such a program, in the same or another
tangible form, for the purposes of preservation or security or for
distribution under the conditions of clause (3) of this subsection; and
(2) to compile, without abridgment or any other editing, portions of
such fixations according to subject matter, and to reproduce such
compilations for the purpose of clause (1) of this subsection; and
(3) to distribute a reproduction made under clause (1) or (2) of this
subsection-
(A) by loan to a person engaged in research; and
(B) for deposit in a library or archives which meets the requirements of
section 108(a) of title 17 as amended by the first section of this Act,
in either case for use only in research and not for further reproduction
or performance.
(c) The Librarian or any employee of the Library who is acting under the
authority of this section shall not be liable in any action for
copyright infringement committed by any other person unless the
Librarian or such employee knowingly participated in the act of
infringement committed by such person. Nothing in this section shall be
construed to excuse or limit liability under title 17 as amended by the
first section of this Act for any act not authorized by that title or
this section, or for any act performed by a person not authorized to act
under that title or this section.
(d) This section may be cited as the "American Television and Radio
Archives Act".
Sec. 114. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such funds as
may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act.
Sec. 115. If any provision of title 17, as amended by the first section
of this Act, is declared unconstitutional, the validity of the remainder
of this title is not affected.
Appendix I Endnotes
1 Part I of the Appendix contains the Transitional and Supplementary
Provisions of the Copyright Act of 1976, Pub. L. No. 94-533, 90 Stat.
2541, that do not amend title 17 of the United States Code.
2 The correct reference is to "290e," not "290(e)."
Appendix II. Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 [1]
Sec. 2. Declarations.
The Congress makes the following declarations:
(1) The Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works,
signed at Berne, Switzerland, on September 9, 1886, and all acts,
protocols, and revisions thereto (hereafter in this Act referred to as
the "Berne Convention") are not self-executing under the Constitution
and laws of the United States.
(2) The obligations of the United States under the Berne Convention may
be performed only pursuant to appropriate domestic law.
(3) The amendments made by this Act, together with the law as it exists
on the date of the enactment of this Act, satisfy the obligations of the
United States in adhering to the Berne Convention and no further rights
or interests shall be recognized or created for that purpose.
Sec. 3. Construction of the Berne Convention.
(a) Relationship With Domestic Law. The provisions of the Berne
Convention-
(1) shall be given effect under title 17, as amended by this Act, and
any other relevant provision of Federal or State law, including the
common law; and
(2) shall not be enforceable in any action brought pursuant to the
provisions of the Berne Convention itself.
(b) Certain Rights Not Affected. The provisions of the Berne Convention,
the adherence of the United States thereto, and satisfaction of United
States obligations thereunder, do not expand or reduce any right of an
author of a work, whether claimed under Federal, State, or the common
law-
(1) to claim authorship of the work; or
(2) to object to any distortion, mutilation, or other modification of,
or other derogatory action in relation to, the work, that would
prejudice the author's honor or reputation.
Sec. 12. Works in the public domain.
Title 17, United States Code, as amended by this Act, does not provide
copyright protection for any work that is in the public domain in the
United States.
Sec. 13. Effective date: effect on pending cases.
(a) Effective Date. This Act and the amendments made by this Act take
effect on the date on which the Berne Convention (as defined in section
101 of title 17, United States Code) enters into force with respect to
the United States. [2]
(b) Effect on Pending Cases. Any cause of action arising under title 17,
United States Code, before the effective date of this Act shall be
governed by the provisions
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