U.S.A. Copyright Law, Library of Congress. Copyright Office [reading diary TXT] 📗
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sentence, after "Act." Pub. L. No. 106-113, 113 Stat. 1501, app. I at
1501A-593.
Appendix VI. Definition of "Berne Convention Work"
The WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties
Implementation Act of 1998 deleted the definition of "Berne Convention
work" from section 101. [1] Pub. L. No. 105-304, 112 Stat. 2861. The
definition of Berne Convention work, as deleted, is as follows:
A work is a "Berne Convention work" if-
(1) in the case of an unpublished work, one or more of the authors is a
national of a nation adhering to the Berne Convention, or in the case of
a published work, one or more of the authors is a national of a nation
adhering to the Berne Convention on the date of first publication;
(2) the work was first published in a nation adhering to the Berne
Convention, or was simultaneously first published in a nation adhering
to the Berne convention and in a foreign nation that does not adhere to
the Berne Convention;
(3) in the case of an audiovisual work-
(A) if one or more of the authors is a legal entity, that author has its
headquarters in a nation adhering to the Berne Convention; or
(B) if one or more of the authors is an individual, that author is
domiciled, or has his or her habitual residence in, a nation adhering to
the Berne Convention; or
(4) in the case of a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work that is
incorporated in a building or other structure, the building or structure
is located in a nation adhering to the Berne Convention; or
(5) in the case of an architectural work embodied in a building, such
building is erected in a country adhering to the Berne Convention.
For purposes of paragraph (1), an author who is domiciled in or has his
or her habitual residence in, a nation adhering to the Berne Convention
is considered to be a national of that nation. For purposes of paragraph
(2), a work is considered to have been simultaneously published in two
or more nations if its dates of publication are within 30 days of one
another.
Appendix VI Endnote
1 For a discussion of the legislative history of the definition of
"Berne Convention work," see endnote 2, chapter 1, supra.
Appendix VII. Selected Provisions of the U.S. Code Relating to Copyright
Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure
Part I - Crimes
Chapter 113 - Stolen Property
Sec. 2318. Trafficking in counterfeit labels for phonorecords, copies
of computer programs or computer program documentation or packaging, and
copies of motion pictures or other audio visual works, and trafficking
in counterfeit computer program documentation or packaging. [1]
(a) Whoever, in any of the circumstances described in subsection (c) of
this section, knowingly traffics in a counterfeit label affixed or
designed to be affixed to a phonorecord, or a copy of a computer program
or documentation or packaging for a computer program, or a copy of a
motion picture or other audiovisual work, and whoever, in any of the
circumstances described in subsection (c) of this section, knowingly
traffics in counterfeit documentation or packaging for a computer
program, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than
five years, or both.
(b) As used in this section-
(1) the term "counterfeit label" means an identifying label or container
that appears to be genuine, but is not;
(2) the term "traffic" means to transport, transfer or otherwise dispose
of, to another, as consideration for anything of value or to make or
obtain control of with intent to so transport, transfer or dispose of;
and
(3) the terms "copy", "phonorecord", "motion picture", "computer
program", and "audiovisual work" have, respectively, the meanings given
those terms in section 101 (relating to definitions) of title 17.
(c) The circumstances referred to in subsection (a) of this section are-
(1) the offense is committed within the special maritime and territorial
jurisdiction of the United States; or within the special aircraft
jurisdiction of the United States (as defined in section 46501 of title
49);
(2) the mail or a facility of interstate or foreign commerce is used or
intended to be used in the commission of the offense;
(3) the counterfeit label is affixed to or encloses, or is designed to
be affixed to or enclose, a copy of a copyrighted computer program or
copyrighted documentation or packaging for a computer program, a
copyrighted motion picture or other audiovisual work, or a phonorecord
of a copyrighted sound recording; or
(4) the counterfeited documentation or packaging for a computer program
is copyrighted.
(d) When any person is convicted of any violation of subsection (a), the
court in its judgment of conviction shall in addition to the penalty
therein prescribed, order the forfeiture and destruction or other
disposition of all counterfeit labels and all articles to which
counterfeit labels have been affixed or which were intended to have had
such labels affixed.
(e) Except to the extent they are inconsistent with the provisions of
this title, all provisions of section 509, title 17, United States Code,
are applicable to violations of subsection (a).
Sec. 2319. Criminal infringement of a copyright [2]
(a) Whoever violates section 506(a) (relating to criminal offenses) of
title 17 shall be punished as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of
this section and such penalties shall be in addition to any other
provisions of title 17 or any other law.
(b) Any person who commits an offense under section 506 (a)(1) of title
17-
(1) shall be imprisoned not more than 5 years, or fined in the amount
set forth in this title, or both, if the offense consists of the
reproduction or distribution, including by electronic means, during any
180-day period, of at least 10 copies or phonorecords, of 1 or more
copyrighted works, which have a total retail value of more than $2,500;
(2) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, or fined in the amount
set forth in this title, or both, if the offense is a second or
subsequent offense under paragraph (1); and
(3) shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year, or fined in the amount set
forth in this title, or both, in any other case.
(c) Any person who commits an offense under section 506(a)(2) of title
17, United States Code-
(1) shall be imprisoned not more than 3 years, or fined in the amount
set forth in this title, or both, if the offense consists of the
reproduction or distribution of 10 or more copies or phonorecords of 1
or more copyrighted works, which have a total retail value of $2,500 or
more;
(2) shall be imprisoned not more than 6 years, or fined in the amount
set forth in this title, or both, if the offense is a second or
subsequent offense under paragraph (1); and
(3) shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year, or fined in the amount set
forth in this title, or both, if the offense consists of the
reproduction or distribution of 1 or more copies or phonorecords of 1 or
more copyrighted works, which have a total retail value of more than
$1,000.
(d) (1) During preparation of the presentence report pursuant to Rule
32(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, victims of the offense
shall be permitted to submit, and the probation officer shall receive, a
victim impact statement that identifies the victim of the offense and
the extent and scope of the injury and loss suffered by the victim,
including the estimated economic impact of the offense on that victim.
(2) Persons permitted to submit victim impact statements shall include-
(A) producers and sellers of legitimate works affected by conduct
involved in the offense;
(B) holders of intellectual property rights in such works; and
(C) the legal representatives of such producers, sellers, and holders.
(e) As used in this section-
(1) the terms "phonorecord" and "copies" have, respectively, the
meanings set forth in section 101 (relating to definitions) of title 17;
and
(2) the terms "reproduction" and "distribution" refer to the exclusive
rights of a copyright owner under clauses (1) and (3) respectively of
section 106 (relating to exclusive rights in copyrighted works), as
limited by sections 107 through 120, of title 17.
Sec. 2319A. Unauthorized fixation of and trafficking in sound recordings
and music videos of live musical performances [3]
(a) Offense. Whoever, without the consent of the performer or performers
involved, knowingly and for purposes of commercial advantage or private
financial gain-
(1) fixes the sounds or sounds and images of a live musical performance
in a copy or phonorecord, or reproduces copies or phonorecords of such a
performance from an unauthorized fixation;
(2) transmits or otherwise communicates to the public the sounds or
sounds and images of a live musical performance; or
(3) distributes or offers to distribute, sells or offers to sell, rents
or offers to rent, or traffics in any copy or phonorecord fixed as
described in paragraph (1), regardless of whether the fixations occurred
in the United States;
shall be imprisoned for not more than 5 years or fined in the amount set
forth in this title, or both, or if the offense is a second or
subsequent offense, shall be imprisoned for not more than 10 years or
fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both.
(b) Forfeiture and Destruction. When a person is convicted of a
violation of subsection (a), the court shall order the forfeiture and
destruction of any copies or phonorecords created in violation thereof,
as well as any plates, molds, matrices, masters, tapes, and film
negatives by means of which such copies or phonorecords may be made. The
court may also, in its discretion, order the forfeiture and destruction
of any other equipment by means of which such copies or phonorecords may
be reproduced, taking into account the nature, scope, and
proportionality of the use of the equipment in the offense.
(c) Seizure and Forfeiture. If copies or phonorecords of sounds or
sounds and images of a live musical performance are fixed outside of the
United States without the consent of the performer or performers
involved, such copies or phonorecords are subject to seizure and
forfeiture in the United States in the same manner as property imported
in violation of the customs laws. The Secretary of the Treasury shall,
not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the Uruguay
Round Agreements Act, issue regulations to carry out this subsection,
including regulations by which any performer may, upon payment of a
specified fee, be entitled to notification by the United States Customs
Service of the importation of copies or phonorecords that appear to
consist of unauthorized fixations of the sounds or sounds and images of
a live musical performance.
(d) Victim Impact Statement.
(1) During preparation of the presentence report pursuant to Rule 32(c)
of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, victims of the offense shall
be permitted to submit, and the probation officer shall receive, a
victim impact statement that identifies the victim of the offense and
the extent and scope of the injury and loss suffered by the victim,
including the estimated economic impact of the offense on that victim.
(2) Persons permitted to submit victim impact statements shall include-
(A) producers and sellers of legitimate works affected by conduct
involved in the offense;
(B) holders of intellectual property rights in such works; and
(C) the legal representatives of such producers, sellers, and holders.
(e) Definitions. As used in this section-
(1) the terms "copy", "fixed", "musical work", "phonorecord",
"reproduce", "sound recordings", and "transmit" mean those terms within
the meaning of title 17; and
(2) the term "traffic in" means transport, transfer, or otherwise
dispose of, to another, as consideration for anything of value, or make
or obtain control of with intent to transport, transfer, or dispose of.
(f)
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