U.S.A. Copyright Law, Library of Congress. Copyright Office [reading diary TXT] 📗
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Act and ending on December 31, 2000, or such other date as the parties
may agree. Such rates and terms shall distinguish among the different
types of eligible nonsubscription transmission services and new
subscription services then in operation and shall include a minimum fee
for each such type of service. Any copyright owners of sound recordings
or any entities performing sound recordings affected by this paragraph
may submit to the Librarian of Congress licenses covering such eligible
nonsubscription transmissions and new subscription services with respect
to such sound recordings. The parties to each negotiation proceeding
shall bear their own costs.
(B) In the absence of license agreements negotiated under subparagraph
(A), during the 60-day period commencing 6 months after publication of
the notice specified in subparagraph (A), and upon the filing of a
petition in accordance with section 803(a)(1), the Librarian of Congress
shall, pursuant to chapter 8, convene a copyright arbitration royalty
panel to determine and publish in the Federal Register a schedule of
rates and terms which, subject to paragraph (3), shall be binding on all
copyright owners of sound recordings and entities performing sound
recordings affected by this paragraph during the period beginning on the
date of the enactment of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and ending
on December 31, 2000, or such other date as the parties may agree. Such
rates and terms shall distinguish among the different types of eligible
nonsubscription transmission services then in operation and shall
include a minimum fee for each such type of service, such differences to
be based on criteria including, but not limited to, the quantity and
nature of the use of sound recordings and the degree to which use of the
service may substitute for or may promote the purchase of phonorecords
by consumers. In establishing rates and terms for transmissions by
eligible nonsubscription services and new subscription services, the
copyright arbitration royalty panel shall establish rates and terms that
most clearly represent the rates and terms that would have been
negotiated in the marketplace between a willing buyer and a willing
seller. In determining such rates and terms, the copyright arbitration
royalty panel shall base its decision on economic, competitive and
programming information presented by the parties, including-
(i) whether use of the service may substitute for or may promote the
sales of phonorecords or otherwise may interfere with or may enhance the
sound recording copyright owner's other streams of revenue from its
sound recordings; and
(ii) the relative roles of the copyright owner and the transmitting
entity in the copyrighted work and the service made available to the
public with respect to relative creative contribution, technological
contribution, capital in-vestment, cost, and risk.
In establishing such rates and terms, the copyright arbitration royalty
panel may consider the rates and terms for comparable types of digital
audio transmission services and comparable circumstances under voluntary
license agreements negotiated under subparagraph (A).
(C)(i) Publication of a notice of the initiation of voluntary
negotiation proceedings as specified in subparagraph (A) shall be
repeated in accordance with regulations that the Librarian of Congress
shall prescribe-
(I) no later than 30 days after a petition is filed by any copyright
owners of sound recordings or any eligible nonsubscription service or
new subscription service indicating that a new type of eligible
nonsubscription service or new subscription service on which sound
recordings are performed is or is about to become operational; and
(II) in the first week of January 2000, and at 2-year intervals
thereafter, except to the extent that different years for the repeating
of such proceedings may be determined in accordance with subparagraph
(A).
(ii) The procedures specified in subparagraph (B) shall be repeated, in
accordance with regulations that the Librarian of Congress shall
prescribe, upon filing of a petition in accordance with section 803(a)
(1) during a 60-day period commencing-
(I) 6 months after publication of a notice of the initiation of
voluntary negotiation proceedings under subparagraph (A) pursuant to a
petition under clause (i)(I); or
(II) on July 1, 2000, and at 2-year intervals thereafter, except to the
extent that different years for the repeating of such proceedings may be
determined in accordance with subparagraph (A).
(iii) The procedures specified in subparagraph (B) shall be concluded in
accordance with section 802.
(3) License agreements voluntarily negotiated at any time between 1 or
more copyright owners of sound recordings and 1 or more entities
performing sound recordings shall be given effect in lieu of any
determination by a copyright arbitration royalty panel or decision by
the Librarian of Congress.
(4)(A) The Librarian of Congress shall also establish requirements by
which copyright owners may receive reasonable notice of the use of their
sound recordings under this section, and under which records of such use
shall be kept and made available by entities performing sound
recordings.
(B) Any person who wishes to perform a sound recording publicly by means
of a transmission eligible for statutory licensing under this subsection
may do so without infringing the exclusive right of the copyright owner
of the sound recording-
(i) by complying with such notice requirements as the Librarian of
Congress shall prescribe by regulation and by paying royalty fees in
accordance with this subsection; or
(ii) if such royalty fees have not been set, by agreeing to pay such
royalty fees as shall be determined in accordance with this subsection.
(C) Any royalty payments in arrears shall be made on or before the
twentieth day of the month next succeeding the month in which the
royalty fees are set.
(g) Proceeds From Licensing of Transmissions.-
(1) Except in the case of a transmission licensed under a statutory
license in accordance with subsection (f) of this section-
(A) a featured recording artist who performs on a sound recording that
has been licensed for a transmission shall be entitled to receive
payments from the copyright owner of the sound recording in accordance
with the terms of the artist's contract; and
(B) a nonfeatured recording artist who performs on a sound recording
that has been licensed for a transmission shall be entitled to receive
payments from the copyright owner of the sound recording in accordance
with the terms of the nonfeatured recording artist's applicable contract
or other applicable agreement.
(2) The copyright owner of the exclusive right under section 106(6) of
this title to publicly perform a sound recording by means of a digital
audio transmission shall allocate to recording artists in the following
manner its receipts from the statutory licensing of transmission
performances of the sound recording in accordance with subsection (f) of
this section:
(A) 21/2 percent of the receipts shall be deposited in an escrow account
managed by an independent administrator jointly appointed by copyright
owners of sound recordings and the American Federation of Musicians (or
any successor entity) to be distributed to nonfeatured musicians
(whether or not members of the American Federation of Musicians) who
have performed on sound recordings.
(B) 21/2 percent of the receipts shall be deposited in an escrow account
managed by an independent administrator jointly appointed by copyright
owners of sound recordings and the American Federation of Television and
Radio Artists (or any successor entity) to be distributed to nonfeatured
vocalists (whether or not members of the American Federation of
Television and Radio Artists) who have performed on sound recordings.
(C) 45 percent of the receipts shall be allocated, on a per sound
recording basis, to the recording artist or artists featured on such
sound recording (or the persons conveying rights in the artists'
performance in the sound recordings).
(h) Licensing to Affiliates.-
(1) If the copyright owner of a sound recording licenses an affiliated
entity the right to publicly perform a sound recording by means of a
digital audio transmission under section 106(6), the copyright owner
shall make the licensed sound recording available under section 106(6)
on no less favorable terms and conditions to all bona fide entities that
offer similar services, except that, if there are material differences
in the scope of the requested license with respect to the type of
service, the particular sound recordings licensed, the frequency of use,
the number of subscribers served, or the duration, then the copyright
owner may establish different terms and conditions for such other
services.
(2) The limitation set forth in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall
not apply in the case where the copyright owner of a sound recording
licenses-
(A) an interactive service; or
(B) an entity to perform publicly up to 45 seconds of the sound
recording and the sole purpose of the performance is to promote the
distribution or performance of that sound recording.
(i) No Effect on Royalties for Underlying Works. License fees payable
for the public performance of sound recordings under section 106(6)
shall not be taken into account in any administrative, judicial, or
other governmental proceeding to set or adjust the royalties payable to
copyright owners of musical works for the public performance of their
works. It is the intent of Congress that royalties payable to copyright
owners of musical works for the public performance of their works shall
not be diminished in any respect as a result of the rights granted by
section 106(6).
(j) Definitions. As used in this section, the following terms have the
following meanings:
(l) An "affiliated entity" is an entity engaging in digital audio
transmissions covered by section 106(6), other than an interactive
service, in which the licensor has any direct or indirect partnership or
any ownership interest amounting to 5 percent or more of the outstanding
voting or non-voting stock.
(2) An "archived program" is a predetermined program that is available
repeatedly on the demand of the transmission recipient and that is
performed in the same order from the beginning, except that an archived
program shall not include a re-corded event or broadcast transmission
that makes no more than an incidental use of sound recordings, as long
as such recorded event or broadcast transmission does not contain an
entire sound recording or feature a particular sound recording.
(3) A "broadcast" transmission is a transmission made by a terrestrial
broadcast station licensed as such by the Federal Communications
Commission.
(4) A "continuous program" is a predetermined program that is
continuously performed in the same order and that is accessed at a point
in the program that is beyond the control of the transmission recipient.
(5) A "digital audio transmission" is a digital transmission as defined
in section 101, that embodies the transmission of a sound recording.
This term does not include the transmission of any audiovisual work.
(6) An "eligible nonsubscription transmission" is a noninteractive
nonsubscription digital audio transmission not exempt under subsection
(d)(1) that is made as part of a service that provides audio programming
consisting, in whole or in part, of performances of sound recordings,
including retransmissions of broadcast transmissions, if the primary
purpose of the service is to provide to the public such audio or other
entertainment programming, and the primary purpose of the service is not
to sell, advertise, or promote particular products or services other
than sound recordings, live concerts, or other music-related events.
(7) An "interactive service" is one that enables a member of the public
to receive a transmission of a program specially created for the
recipient, or on request, a transmission of a particular sound
recording, whether or not as part of a program, which is selected by or
on behalf of the recipient. The ability of individuals to request that
particular sound recordings be performed for reception by the public at
large, or in the case of a subscription service, by all subscribers of
the service, does not make a service interactive, if the programming on
each channel of the service does not substantially consist of sound
recordings that are performed within 1 hour of the request or at a time
designated by either the transmitting entity or the individual making
such request. If an entity offers
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