Memoirs Of Aaron Burr, Volume 1, Matthew L. Davis [book club suggestions .txt] 📗
- Author: Matthew L. Davis
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That He Was Now About To
Launch Into The Troubled Ocean Of Politics Was Evident To Mrs. Burr,
And Therefore, In A Letter To Him Under Date Of The 23D Of July, 1791,
She Says, "It Is Of Serious Consequence To You To Establish Your
Health _Before You Commence Politician_," &C.
In The Autumn Of 1791 Congress Convened At Philadelphia, And Colonel
Burr Took His Seat In The Senate Of The United States. It Has Often
Been Remarked Of Him, And Truly, That No Man Was Ever More Cautious Or
More Guarded In His Correspondence. A Disposition, From The Earliest
Period Of His Life, To Write In Cipher, Has Already Been Noticed. To
This May Be Added An Unwillingness, On All Important Questions, To
Commit Himself In Writing. As Soon As He Entered The Political Arena,
This Characteristic Was Visible Even In His Letters To Mrs. Burr. On
The 14Th Of November, 1791, He Writes Her--"To The Subject Of Politics
I Can At Present Make No Reply. The _Mode Of Communication Would Not
Permit_, Did No Other Reason Oppose." And Again, December 21St, He
Says--"You Will Perhaps Admire That I Cannot Leave Congress As Well As
Others. This, If A Problem, _Can Only Be Solved At A Personal
Interview_."
At The Commencement Of The Revolutionary War, The State Of New-York
Held An Extensive Tract Of Wild And Unimproved Lands. Sundry Laws Were
Passed In The Years 1779, 1780, 1784, 1785, And 1786, Providing For
Their Sale And Settlement. A Board Was Created, Entitled "The
Commissioners Of The Land Office." It Was Composed Of The Governor,
The Secretary Of State, The Attorney-General, The Treasurer, And The
Auditor. The Powers Conferred By The Several Acts Above Referred To
Having Been Found Inadequate To The Proposed Object, The Legislature,
On The 22D Of March, 1791, Gave Unlimited Powers To The Commissioners,
Authorizing Them To "Dispose Of Any Of The Waste And Unappropriated
Lands In The State, In Such Parcels, And On Such Terms, And In Such
Manner As They Shall Judge Most Conducive To The Interests Of The
State." In Pursuance Of This Authority, The Commissioners Sold During
The Year 1791, By Estimate, Five Millions Five Hundred And Forty-Two
Thousand One Hundred And Seventy Acres Of Waste Land, For The Sum Of
One Million And Thirty Thousand Four Hundred And Thirty-Three Dollars;
Leaving In The Possession Of The State, Yet To Be Disposed Of, About
Two Millions Of Acres. Among The Sales Was One To Alexander Macomb,
For Three Millions Six Hundred And Thirty-Five Thousand Two Hundred
Acres. The Magnitude Of This Sale, And The Price At Which It Was Sold,
Created A Great Excitement Throughout The State, And At The Session Of
The Legislature Which Commenced On The 4Th Of January, 1792, The
Subject Was Brought Before The Assembly.
The Price At Which Mr. Macomb Made His Purchase Was Eight Pence Per
Acre, Payable In Five Annual Instalments, Without Interest, With
Permission To Discount For Prompt Payment At Six Per Cent. Per Annum,
Which Made The Price About Equal To Seven Cents Per Acre Cash. Colonel
Burr, As Attorney-General, Was A Member Of The Board. On The 9Th Of
April, 1792, The Report Of The Commissioners Being The Order Of The
Day, The Subject Was Taken Up In The House.
Chapter XVI Pg 315Mr. Talbot, From
Montgomery County, Moved Sundry Resolutions. They Were Intended As The
Foundation For An Impeachment Of A Part Of The Commissioners Of The
Land Office. They Assumed To Contain A Statement Of Facts, Evidencing
On The Part Of The Commissioners Great Indiscretion And Want Of
Judgment, If Not Corruption, In The Sale Of The Public Lands, And They
Charged The Commissioners With A Willful Violation Of The Law. These
Resolutions, However, Excepted Colonel Burr From Any Participation In
The Maleconduct Complained Of, Inasmuch As The Minutes Of The Board
Proved That He Was Not Present At The Meetings (Being Absent On
Official Duty As Attorney-General) When These Contracts, So Ruinous,
As They Alleged, To The Interests Of The State, Were Made: Nor Did It
Appear That He (Colonel Burr) Was Ever Consulted In Relation To Them.
These Resolutions Elicited A Heated Debate; In The Progress Of Which
All The Commissioners, Except The Attorney-General, Were Assailed With
Great Bitterness; And Charges Of Corruption By Innuendo Were
Unceremoniously Made. At A Late Hour The House Adjourned Without
Decision Until The Next Day.
On The 10Th Of April, 1792, Mr. Melancton Smith Moved The Following
Resolution, With A Preamble As A Substitute:--
"Resolved, That This House Do Highly Approve Of The Conduct Of The
Commissioners Of The Land Office In The Judicious Sales By Them, As
Aforesaid, Which Have Been Productive Of The Before Mentioned
Beneficial Effects."
This Resolution Was Adopted By A Vote Of Ays 35--Noes 20.
Of Melancton Smith It Is Proper To Remark Here That He Was A Plain,
Unsophisticated Man. A Purer Patriot Never Lived. Of The Powers Of His
Mind Some Opinion May Be Formed By The Following Anecdote. Dr.
Ledyard, Who Was Afterwards Health Officer Of The Port Of New-York,
Was A Warm Federalist. He Was At Poughkeepsie While The Federal
Constitution Was Under Discussion In The State Convention. Smith Was
An Anti-Federal Member Of That Body. Some Time After The Adoption Of
The Constitution, Ledyard Stated To A Friend Of His, That To Colonel
Alexander Hamilton Had Been Assigned, In A Special Manner, The Duty Of
Defending That Portion Of The Constitution Which Related To The
Judiciary Of The United States. That An Outdoor Conversation Between
Colonel Hamilton And Mr. Smith Took Place In Relation To The
Judiciary, In The Course Of Which Smith Urged Some Of His Objections
To The Proposed System. In The Evening A Federal Caucus Was Held; At
That Caucus Mr. Hamilton Referred To The Conversation, And Requested
That Some Gentleman Might Be Designated To Aid In The Discussion Of
This Question. Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor Of The State, Was
Accordingly Named. Mr. Livingston Was At That Time A Distinguished
Leader In The Ranks Of The Federal Party. Whoever Will Take The
Trouble To Read The Debates In The Convention, In Which Will Be Found
The Reply Of Smith To Livingston, Will Perceive In That Reply The
Efforts Of A Mighty Mind.
Chapter XVI Pg 316It Was A High But Merited Compliment To The
Talents Of Melancton Smith, That Such A Man As Colonel Hamilton Should
Have Wished Aid In Opposing Him.
During The Winter Of 1791-92, Being Colonel Burr'S First Session In
The Senate Of The United States, He Spent Much Of His Leisure Time In
The State Department. For Several Sessions After The Organization Of
The Federal Government, All The Business Of The Senate Was Transacted
With Closed Doors. At That Period The Correspondence Of Existing
Ministers Was Kept Secret, Even From The Senators. With Every Thing
Connected With The Foreign Affairs Of The Country, Colonel Burr Was
Exceedingly Anxious To Make Himself Intimately Acquainted. He
Considered It Necessary To The Faithful And Useful Performance Of His
Duty As A Senator. He Obtained Permission From Mr. Jefferson, Then
Secretary Of State, To Have Access To The Records Of The Department
Before The Hour For Opening The Office Arrived. He Employed One Of The
Messengers To Make A Fire At Five O'Clock In The Morning, And
Occasionally An Intelligent And Confidential Clerk To Assist Him In
Searching For Papers. Here He Was Engaged Until Near Ten O'Clock Every
Day. It Was His Constant Practice To Have His Breakfast Sent To Him.
He Continued This Employment The Greater Part Of The Session, Making
Notes On, Or Extracts From, The Records Of The Department, Until He
Was Interrupted By A Peremptory Order From The President (Washington)
Prohibiting His Farther Examination.
Wishing Some Information That He Had Not Obtained In Relation To A
Surrender Of The Western Posts By The British, He Addressed A Note To
The Secretary Of State, Asking Permission To Make That Particular
Examination; To Which He Received The Following Answer:----
"Thomas Jefferson Presents His Respectful Compliments To Colonel Burr,
And Is Sorry To Inform Him It Has Been Concluded To Be Improper To
Communicate The Correspondence Of Existing Ministers. He Hopes This
Will, With Colonel Burr, Be His Sufficient Apology."
In April, 1792, There Was An Election For Governor Of The State Of
New-York. By Some It Was Supposed That Governor Clinton Would Decline
Being Again Considered A Candidate. It Was Known That John Jay Would
Be The Candidate Of The Federal Party. At That Period Colonel Burr Had
Warm Personal Friends In Both Parties, Who Were Urging His
Pretensions. Among The Most Ardent Was Judge Yates. In The Latter Part
Of February, 1792, He Authorized His Friends To State That He Declined
A Nomination. He Was Placed, However, In An Unpleasant Dilemma. The
Connexions, And Many Of The Personal Friends Of Governor Clinton, Were
Jealous Of Colonel Burr'S Talents And Growing Influence. Between The
Governor And Himself There Was Very Little Intercourse. On The Other
Hand, The Kindest Feelings Towards Him Were Evinced By Chief-Justice
Jay, Who Was A Most Amiable Man. It Was His Wish, Therefore, As Far As
Practicable, Consistent With His Principles, To Remain Neuter.
Chapter XVI Pg 317He Had
Never Been An Electioneering Character, And With The People He Wished
To Leave The Pending Question, Without The Exercise Of Any Influence
He Might Be Supposed To Possess.
By The Then Existing Laws Of New-York, The Ballots That Were Taken In
The Several Counties Were, Immediately After The Election, Transmitted
To The Office Of The Secretary Of State, And There Kept Until The
Second Tuesday In May, When The Board Of Canvassers Were, By Law, To
Convene And Canvass Them. The Election For Governor Was Warmly
Contested; The Federal Party Supporting Judge Jay, The Anti-Federal
Party George Clinton. When The Canvassers Met, Difficulties Arose As
To The Legality Of The Returns From Certain Counties, Particularly Of
Otsego, Tioga, And Clinton. The Canvassers Differing In Opinion On The
Question Whether The Ballots Should Be Counted Or Destroyed, They
Agreed To Ask The Advice Of Rufus King And Colonel Burr. These
Gentlemen Conferred, And, Like The Canvassers, Differed: Whereupon Mr.
Burr Proposed That They Should Decline Giving Advice. To This Mr. King
Objected, And Expressed A Determination To Give His Own Opinion
Separate. This Rendered It Necessary For Colonel Burr To Adopt A Like
Procedure. He Thus Became A Partisan, And A Most Efficient Partisan,
In That Controversy.
_Seven_ Of The Canvassers Determined To Reject And Destroy The Ballots
Alleged To Have Been Illegally Returned. To This Decision _Four_
Objected. The Ballots Were Accordingly Destroyed, And George Clinton
Declared To Be Duly Elected Governor. The Excitement Produced Was
Without A Parallel In
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