Esperanto Self-Taught with Phonetic Pronunciation, William W. Mann [crime books to read TXT] 📗

xml:lang="de">au in the German Haus. The phonetic sign for aŭ, therefore is ahw (2) Eŭ, as in Eŭropo (ehw-ro'poh), is pronounced with a similar closing of the lips after the eh-sound ehw V, v (vo) as in English v Z, z (zo) as in English z PRELIMINARY NOTES.

In order to make the best progress in acquiring the words and sentences in the following pages, the student is recommended to learn a few at a time by repeating them aloud with the aid of the phonetic pronunciation in the third column.

Although the system of phonetics may seem a little cumbersome, practice will soon enable the student to pronounce the words easily and naturally. The following notes will be useful:—

1. Accent.—In Esperanto, every letter, whether vowel or consonant, is sounded. The accented syllable of a word is always the last but one. Thus, nobla (noh'blah), irado (ee-rah'do), telefono (teh-leh-foh'no), internacia (in-tehr-naht-see'ah), folio (fohlee'oh).

It should be borne in mind that j and ŭ are consonants, and do not, like the vowels, of themselves constitute a syllable. Thus, tiu (tee'oo, two syllables) and tiuj (tee'ooy, also two syllables), rajdi (rah'y-dee, not rah-ĭ'dee), antaŭ (ahn'tahw, not ahn-tah'ŏŏ).

2. The vowels, a, e, i, o, u, should in Esperanto be pronounced quite purely, and entirely without any drawling after-sound. Many English speakers diphthongize a, i, o, and pronounce late as "la-it," pale as "pa-il," paper as "pa-y-per," road as "row-d," etc. This habit of drawling the vowels, when transferred to Esperanto, thus: Mi ne povas bone paroli, mee'y nay'ee poh'ŏŏ-vah(r)ss boh'ŏŏ-nehy pah(r)-roh'ŏŏ-leey, immediately reveals the nationality of the speaker.

There is also an inclination to interpose an r-sound between la ("the") and a word beginning with a vowel, thus: la(r)ebleco instead of la ebleco, la(r)internacia lingvo instead of la internacia lingvo, etc. This should be avoided.

3. Combinations of Consonants.—There are a few consonantal combinations which offer a slight difficulty to English beginners, viz., gv, kn, kv, sc. The combinations gv, kn, and kv, as in gvidi (gvee'dee), knabo (knah'bo), kvieto (kvee-eh'toh), may be practised by first placing a vowel before the g or k, and gradually suppressing it. Thus, first say la knabo (lahk-nah'bo), and gradually drop the "lah," until finally knabo can be said without difficulty.

The combination sc, as in sceno (stseh'no), may be learnt thus: Say "last sane" several times, very distinctly pronouncing the st and the s, then gradually "'st sane", and finally sceno (stseh'no) without any preceding vowel-sound. When this combination follows a vowel, as in mi scias, it should cause no difficulty, for the s is easily pronounced with the first syllable, thus: meess-tsee'ahss.

LETTER FROM DR. ZAMENHOF.
(Founder of Esperanto.)

Varsovio, 14.9.08.

Karaj Sinjoroj,—Kun plezuro kaj danko mi ricevis vian leteron de 10.9, kaj ankaŭ la presprovaĵon de "Esperanto Self-Taught."

Ĉar Sro Mann estas tre kompetenta kaj sperta esperantisto, tial mi estas tute certa, ke la libro verkita de li estos tre bona kaj tre utila.

Via,

(Signed) ZAMENHOF.

[TRANSLATION.]

Warsaw, 14.9.08.

Dear Sirs,—I received your letter of Sept. 10, and the proofs of "Esperanto Self-Taught," with pleasure and thanks.

As Mr. Mann is a very competent and experienced Esperantist, I am quite certain that the book written by him will be very good and very useful.

Yours,

(Signed) ZAMENHOF.

VOCABULARIES. 1. The World & its Elements.
(La Mondo kaj ĝiaj Elementoj.)

(See Notes on the Article, p. 77.)

English. Esperanto. Pronunciation. Air aero ah-eh'ro cloud nubo noo'bo cold malvarmo mahl-vahrr'mo darkness mallumo mahl-loo'mo dew roso ro'so dust polvo pohl'vo earth tero teh'ro east oriento o-ree-ehn'toh eclipse eklipso eh-klip'so fire fajro fahy'ro fog nebulo neh-boo'lo frost frosto frohst'o hail hajlo hahy'lo heat varmo vahrr'mo light lumo loo'mo lightning fulmo fool'mo moon; —, new luno; nova luno loo'no; no'vah loo'no —, full plena luno pleh'nah loo'no moonlight lunlumo loon'loo'mo nature naturo nah-too'ro north nordo nohrr'doh rain pluvo ploo'vo rainbow ĉielarko chee-ehl-ahr'ko shade, shadow ombro ohm'bro sky ĉielo chee-eh'lo snow neĝo neh'jo south sudo soo'doh star stelo steh'lo sun suno soo'no thaw degelo deh-geh'lo thunder tondro tohn'dro weather vetero veteh'ro west okcidento ohk-tsee-dehn'toh wind vento vehn'toh

2. Land and Water.
(La Tero kaj la Akvo.) English. Esperanto. Pronunciation. Bay golfeto golf-eh'toh beach marbordo mahrbohr'doh canal kanalo kanah'lo cape terkapo tehr-kah'po cliff krutegaĵo kroo-teh-gah'zho coast marbordo mahr-bohr'doh creek kriko kree'ko current akvofluo ahk'vo-floo'oh ebb malfluso mahl-floo'so flood (deluge) inundo in-oon'doh — (of the tide) fluso floo'so flow fluo floo'oh foam ŝaŭmo shahw'mo hill monteto mohn-teh'toh ice glacio glaht-see'oh island insulo in-soo'lo lake lago lah'go land tero teh'ro mainland ĉeftero chehf-teh'ro marsh marĉo mahr'cho moor stepo steh'po mountain monto mohn'toh mud koto ko'toh river rivero reeveh'ro rock roko ro'ko sand sablo sah'blo sea maro mah'ro sea-shore marbordo mahr-bohr'doh shingle ŝtonetaĵo shto-neh-tah'zho storm ventego ven-teh'go stream rivereto rivehr-eh'toh tide; —, high tajdo; altmaro tahy'doh; ahlt-mah'ro —, low malaltmaro mahl'ahlt-mah'ro valley valo vah'lo water; —, fresh akvo; sensala akvo ahk'vo; sen-sah'la ahk'vo —, salt sala akvo sah'la ahk'vo waterfall akvofalo ahk'vo-fah'lo wave ondo ohn'doh well akvoputo ahk'vo-poo'toh

3. Minerals & Metals.
(Mineraloj kaj Metaloj.) English. Esperanto. Pronunciation. Alum aluno ahloo'no amber sukceno sookt-seh'no brass latuno lah-too'no bricks brikoj bree'koy bronze bronzo brohn'zo cement cemento tseh-mehn'to chalk kreto kreh'to clay argilo ahr-ghee'lo coal karbo kahrr'bo concrete betono beh-toh'no copper kupro koo'pro coral koralo kohrah'lo crystal kristalo kris-tah'lo diamond diamanto dee-ahmahn'toh emerald smeraldo smehrahl'doh glass vitro vee'tro gold oro oh'ro granite granito grahnee'toh gravel gruzo groo'zo iron fero feh'ro —, cast fandfero fahnd-feh'ro —, wrought forĝfero fohrj-feh'ro lead plumbo ploom'bo lime kalko kahl'ko marble marmoro mahrr-moh'ro mercury hidrargo heedrahrr'go mortar mortero mohr-teh'ro nickel nikelo nik-eh'loh opal opalo ohpah'lo ore minaĵo meenah'zho pearl perlo pehrr'lo ruby rubeno roobeh'no silver arĝento ahrr-jehn'toh slate ardezo ahrr-deh'zo soda sodo so'doh steel ŝtalo shtah'lo stone ŝtono shtoh'no tin stano stah'no zinc zinko zeen'ko

4. Animals, Birds & Fishes.
(Bestoj, Birdoj, kaj Fiŝoj.)

(See Shopping, p. 108.)

English. Esperanto. Pronunciation. Animal besto beh'stoh barking bojado bo-yah'doh bear urso oorr'so bird birdo beerr'doh blackbird merlo mehrr'lo braying azenbleko ah-zehn-bleh'ko bull bovoviro bo'vo-veer'oh calf bovido bo-vee'doh canary kanario kanah-ree'oh cat kato kah'toh chicken kokido ko-kee'doh claw, nail ungo oon'go cock koko ko'ko cod moruo mo-roo'oh colt ĉevalido chehvah-lee'doh cow bovino bo-vee'no crab krabo krah'bo cuckoo kukolo koo-ko'lo deer damcervo dahm-tsehrr'vo dog hundo hoon'doh donkey azeno ah-zeh'no dove, pigeon kolombo ko-lohm'bo duck anaso ah-nah'so —, wild sovaĝa anaso so-vah'ja ah-nah'so eagle aglo ah'glo eel angilo ahn-ghee'lo elephant elefanto ehleh-fahn'toh feather plumo ploo'mo fins naĝiloj nah-jee'loy fish fiŝo fee'sho fowl kortbirdo kohrrt-beer'doh fox vulpo vool'po fur felo feh'lo game ĉasaĵo chah-sah'zho gills brankoj brahn'koy goat kapro kah'pro goose ansero ahn-seh'ro gull mevo meh'vo haddock eglefino eh-gleh-fee'no hake merluĉo mehr-loo'cho hare leporo lepoh'ro hen kokino ko-kee'no herring haringo har-een'go hoof hufo hoo'foh horn korno kohrr'no horse ĉevalo cheh-vah'loh howling blekado bleh-kah'doh lamb ŝafido shah-fee'do lark alaŭdo ahl-ahw'doh lion leono leh-oh'no lobster omaro o-mah'ro mackerel skombro skohm'bro magpie pigo pee'go mane kolhararo kohl'har-ah'ro mewing miaŭado mee-ah-wah'doh monkey simio sim-ee'oh mouse muso moo'so mullet mugelo moo-gheh'lo nightingale najtingalo nahy-tin-gah'lo owl strigo stree'go ox bovo bo'vo oyster ostro oh'stro parrot papago pa-pah'go partridge perdriko pehr-dree'ko paw piedo pee-eh'doh peacock pavo pah'voh pheasant fazano fah-zah'no pig porko pohrr'ko pike ezoko eh-zo'ko plaice plateso plah-teh'so quail koturno ko-toorr'no rabbit kuniklo koo-nee'klo rat rato rah'toh raven korvo kohrr'vo rook frugilego froo-ghee-leh'go salmon salmo sahl'mo sheep ŝafo shah'fo snipe marĉa skolopo mar'chah sko-lo'po sparrow pasero pa-seh'ro stork cikonio tsee-konee'oh swallow hirundo hee-roon'doh swan cigno tseeg'noh tail vosto vo'sto thrush turdo toorr'doh tiger tigro tee'gro tortoise testudo tess-too'doh trout truto troo'toh turbot rombfiŝo rohmb-fee'sho turkey meleagro meh-leh-ah'gro turtle kelonio keh-lo-nee'oh whale baleno bah-leh'no wing flugilo floo-ghee'lo wolf lupo loo'po wren regolo reh-go'lo 5. Reptiles & Insects.
(Rampuloj kaj Insektoj.) English. Esperanto. Pronunciation. Ant formiko fohrmee'ko bee abelo ah-beh'lo beetle skarabo skarah'bo bug cimo tsee'moh butterfly papilio pah-peelee'oh caterpillar raŭpo rahw'po flea pulo poo'lo fly muŝo moo'shoh frog rano rah'noh gnat kulo koo'lo grasshopper akrido ah-kree'doh insect insekto insek'toh moth; —, clothes- faleno; tineo fah-leh'no; teeneh'oh silkworm silkraŭpo silk-rahw'po snail heliko heh-lee'ko snake serpento sehr-pehn'toh spider araneo arah-neh'oh sting pikilo peekee'lo toad bufo boo'fo wasp vespo vehs'po worm vermo vehrr'mo

6. Fruits, Trees2, Flowers & Vegetables
(Fruktoj, Arboj, Floroj, kaj Legomoj.)

(For Shopping, see p. 106.)

English. Esperanto. Pronunciation. Acorn glano glah'noh almond migdalo mig-dah'lo apple pomo poh'mo apricot abrikoto ahbree-ko'toh ash frakseno frahk-seh'noh asparagus asparago ahspah-rah'go banana banano bahnah'no bark arbŝelo ahrb-sheh'lo beans faboj fah'boy beech (-tree) fago fah'go beetroot beto beh'toh birch (-tree) betulo beh-too'lo blackberry rubuso roo-boo'so bouquet bukedo bookeh'do branch branĉo brahn'cho buttercup ranunkulo rahnoon-koo'lo cabbage brasiko brahsee'ko carrot karoto kahroh'toh cauliflower florbrasiko flohr'brah-see'ko celery celerio tseh-lehree'oh cherry ĉerizo chehree'zo chestnut (edible) kaŝtano kashtah'no chrysanthemum krizantemo krizahn-teh'mo cucumber kukumo kookoo'mo currants (dried) korintoj kohreen'toy daisy lekanteto leh-kahn-teh'toh dandelion leontodo leh-ontoh'doh elm (-tree) ulmo ool'mo evergreen ĉiamverdulo chee'ahm-vehrdoo'lo fern filiko feelee'ko fibre fibro fee'broh fig figo fee'go fir (-tree) abio ahbee'oh flower floro floh'roh fruit-tree fruktarbo frookt-ahr'bo gooseberry groso groh'so grape vinbero veenbeh'ro holly ilekso eelek'so horse-chestnut hipo-kaŝtano hee'po-kahshtah'no horse-radish kreno kreh'no ivy hedero heh-deh'ro kernel kerno kehrr'no laurel laŭro lahw'ro leaf folio fohlee'oh lemon citrono tsee-troh'no lettuce laktuko lahk-too'ko lily lilio leelee'oh lily-of-the-valley konvalo kohn-vah'lo lime (fruit); -tree limedo; tilio leemeh'do; teelee'oh maize maizo mah-ee'zo maple acero aht-seh'ro melon melono meh-loh'no misletoe visko vees'ko mulberry moruso moh-roo'so nettle urtiko oortee'ko nut; walnut nukso; juglando nook'so; yooglahn'do oak (-tree) kverko kvehrr'ko onion bulbo bool'bo orange oranĝo ohrahn'jo parsnip pastinako pahstee-nah'ko peach persiko pehrr-see'ko pear piro pee'ro peas pizoj pee'zoy pine-apple ananaso ah-nahnah'so plant kreskaĵo kreskah'zho plum pruno proo'no potatoes terpomo tehrr-poh'mo primrose primolo pree-mo'lo privet ligustro lee-goost'ro